Medicine

Has anyone used HGH before?

2010-05-23T21:21:00.001-07:00

If so, what reasons did you use HGH for?
Answer:
I have not, but I know someone who was given HGH because they were significantly lagging in their growth curves as a child. Other than that, I think it is most commonly used illicitly as an anabolic steroid.

I haven't, but its used for improper development and is sometimes used in dwarfism

no i haven't sorry better luck next time

human growth hormone. do not use HGH. your liver will thank you.

Has anyone taken Diclofenac Potassium 50mg ( Cataflam)?

2010-05-23T21:21:00.000-07:00

I've been prescribed this medication for chronic pain (arthritis) How long does it take for the medication to become effective? What are the common side effects?
Answer:
Cataflam is a NSAID(the same drug class as ibuprofen) it should work fairly quickly. As for side effects you might expect a little bit of upset stomach. Taking the med. with food will lessen that. It could cause a little bit of drowsiness but it's not likely. Also do not take it with any of the OTC pain med such as advil or motrin or aleve.

Diclofenac potassium produce analgesic effects in one hour and antirheumatic effect about two weeks.adverse effects are nausea,discomfort,skin rash peptic ulcer.fluid retention,oedema andhepatic function impairment.

crazy, if It helps you that's great, but the stomach side effects are bad enough, motrin is better!

Has anyone suffered injuries from taking adderall (physical or mental)?

2010-05-23T21:20:00.002-07:00

Answer:
Hey, I am a mother of a (now) teenager taking adderall.
He has been on it for years now. The only thing that I can
see is that if he misses a dose or if it runs out his anger
impulses come back - sometimes life can be very challenging
and there are a lot of people out there that do not agree with
adderall being used, but the way that I look at it is if you had
diabetes, you would treat it. ANYWAY, you didn't exactly name
the type injury that you are referring to. Was it one that occured
when the meds had worn off or was it while the meds were
active in your system? I would definately contact the DR
that prescribed it and discuss this.. Bless you %26 good luck

No not really. But one thing that happens is you start to lose the feeling of getting hungry. Sometimes you kinda pick at yourself cause you feel like something is crawling under your skin, kinda like someone on meth would do.
But really those start to go away after a few weeks. But I take adderall XR. there might be a differance between that and regular Adderall.

i know that it increases heart rates and also makes you lose weight by increasing your metabolism... also, it can make you thirsty and thus a person must drink plenty of water when taking the drug. now, these side effects do not happen to everyone, but they are known to occur...

my son had very severe facial tics so we had to switch to strattera.

Has anyone on this site ever had a positive drug test for THC or know of anyone?

2010-05-23T21:20:00.001-07:00

Me and a buddy are having an argument. "Can THC actually be traced through urine after two weeks of sobriety?" We know what the rumors say, but does anyone actual know of a person who has tested positive after 2 weeks, and if so was this person obese?
Answer:
yes most definitely stays in your system in fact out of all drugs THC has the longest life in your system...and no I'm not overweight I'm 6-1 200 pounds about average build...and you have my personal grantee be car full not saying a little skinny guy with a high metabolism may pass it but be car full

Yeah, in urine for about a month. THC attaches to fat cells and sticks around a while. Someone with little fat could pass a test sooner than a person with more body fat.

you can most certainly test positive for THC over a month after your last use. if you are clean and use once you may be clean after a week or so, although that may be cutting it close. i know of an instance when my level actually went up during a stint of sobriety. my diet was alot of fatty foods though. daily exercise to speed up your metabolism will help you get clean faster. to be perfectly safe give yourself at least 30-35 days before a test.

Honestly, it could go either way. It is even possible to smoke once and excercise ( a lot of cardio) and drinking water and test negative in a week. A lot of things are possible. That could be difficult however

has anyone here taken chlonidine? did it work for you?

2010-05-23T21:20:00.000-07:00

im taking my first today and im wondering if anyone else has.did it work? any side effects etc?
Answer:
Well, it's a potent antihypertensive, so it'll drop your blood pressure. So it could make you dizzy/pass out if you stand up too fast.

i'm most comfortable with with using clondine for its antihypertensive effects. although its clinical side effect of somnolence is well known and accepted it is rarely uses as as a sedative hypnotic alone without concomitant history.

has anyone had this?

2010-05-23T21:19:00.003-07:00

recently i have went from having 4 day periods to 1 or 2 day in september my period was from the 22-24th, in october is was the 24th and in novermber i was the 24-26th all of them have been really light. i took and HPT on the 26th of november just to be sure. since then i have been getting cramps, light backaches, last night i felt like i was going to pass out, i am always tired, and sometimes i feel like i am gonna puke. I am 24 yrs old, i'm not under a lot of stress, not change in diet, not weight gain/loss, i do have unprotected sex because my boyfriend and i are ttc..i need some serious answers on this because it is scaring the hell out of me.
Answer:
well lady not a hpt are 100% u could very possibly be preg id take anoter test or 2

Can't help you, sorry. I don't get periods, and hopefully I never will.

You need to go and see a doctar straight away! You most likely have an STD but it could also be cervical cancer going by your symptoms.GO AND SEE A DOCTOR ASAP!

The stress add back aches...you need to go to a doctor about the time you passed out and the back aches, and avoid lifting things that are heavy untill adviced differently by you doctor.This could be a serious problem. Im a vergin and single and i still say that unprotected sex is bad, unless you expacting a long life together..then it ok. but you should get checked for viruses.

When my g/f was about your age and hadn't had her period yet, she'd drink a couple of beers to thin her blood and would start.

Another problem she had though was she started dieting, lost some weight quick and had the same symptoms, it was gallstones. Her mom didn't think she needed to go to the hospital/doctor but it got so bad one night that I took her to the hospital and she had to have gallstone surgery within days.

Home pregnancy test are not always accurate.Especially if it's to soon to tell.The only for sure test is a blood test which can tell you for sure if you are pregnant and how far along you are.Also If you think you could be pregnant I suggest you do go to the doctor ASAP.Becuase if yoour having pain that bad it could be tubular.The only way to know for sure is see a doctor.If not for your own well-being then at least for your own peace of mind.

this has happened to me before but it just went away
if i were u i would go straight to a doctor
it might have something to do with u having unprotected sex

Is there any familial history of endocrine/reproductive problems in your family? Ask your doctor about some hormone level tests like estrogen, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and maybe FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). maybe one or more levels or different which may affect your periods. maybe your pituatary gland is affected. a thyroid problem may be the cause of your fatigue or poor diet.

Has anyone had plastic surgery in ont?

2010-05-23T21:19:00.002-07:00

I'm trying to find a surgon for breast implants and a tummy tuck, Has anyone had these surgerys done in ontario or know anyone who has. I'm looking for the best doctor for these 2 specific procedures. Thank you!
Answer:
Tummy tuck or Breast Implants surgery has become very common now. My cousin got her breast reduction, tummy tuck and facelift surgery in India by the company called Forerunners Healthcare .The Price for the surgery she paid in India was very less. She paid 30% of the cost she was quoted in America.Forerunners Healthcare is very famous in India. They arrange cosmetic and plastic surgery for foreigners in India. I read a lot about them in the Newspapers and about their patient stories. They arrange financing for USA, Canadian, UK and other international patients who plan to have surgery abroad for low price, as the breast reduction, tummy tuck, facelift and other cosmetic surgery is not covered by insurance. They also have photos pasted of their International patients. You can checkout their website. There are huge cost savings. As a doctor I personally believe that surgery can be easily handled in India, as the quality of healthcare available In India is simply best in the world. The surgeons are USA/UK trained and facilities are 5 star.Many patients travel from United States of America and UK to get low cost surgery in India. Indian corporate hospitals are comparable to hospitals anywhere in the world. In fact, India has medical facilities that are comparable with the USA, UK and Canada. India offers World Class Medical Facilities, comparable with any of the western countries. India has state of the art Hospitals and the best medical experts. With the best infrastructure, the best possible Medical facilities, accompanied with the most competitive prices, you can get the treatment done in India at the lowest prices.http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com...
Hope this helps.

No. Good luck

your best bet would be to do your research couse there are a lot of posers out there. The truth is if the price is low so is the quality of the product. good luck

Has anyone had nu-lasik surgery?

2010-05-23T21:19:00.001-07:00

I am thinking about getting nu-lasik surgery at northern laser vision centre in chatswood. has anyone had this? what was your experience. I am a little nervous about this, so would like some information from people that have actually had it or know someone who has.
Answer:
I've never heard of nu-lasiks so it must be pretty new. I know they are developing a microwave type of eye surgery to correct vision, but never heard of nu. A good rule of thumb is to wait a year or 2 before trying any new types of therapys like this. Dont be a ginuea pig :)

no,. i haven't had this

no what does that do? it sounds kinda scary.

My uncle had it done he had glasses for years, he liked the fact that he doesn't wear glasses anymore, but he does have to put alot of eye drops in, he says his eyes get more dry than when he had his glasses. But in all he is glad he had the surgery.

A lot of people get LASIK eye surgery as it corrects their vision and improves their lives tremendously. The LASIK procedure corrects myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism so that you won't need to wear contact lenses or eyeglasses. LASIK is a method of reshaping the external surface of the eye (the cornea) to correct low, moderate and high degrees of near-sightedness, astigmatism and far-sightedness. A complete eye assessment is required to check the patient鈥檚 suitability for LASIK. Tests include refraction, contrast sensitivity, pupil size, pupil reaction, retinal examination, tonometry and pachymetry. Other specialised treatments under the Wavefront technology include the aberrometry, topolyzer measurements, topography and tests for dry eye among others.But since LASIK is an expensive procedure in the US, many people these days opt to travel overseas for their treatment. You can get your eye surgery/treatment done in India/Singapore/Thailand and even Mexico for much less than in the US. You end up saving 60-80% even after your travel expenses and hospital stay have been paid for.However, you need to be careful about the quality of hospitals there. You must make sure that they are JCI/JCAHO/ISO accredited, which means that the hospitals meet US standards and the service provided is world-class.One such medical tourism facilitator that works only with quality hospitals abroad is Healthbase (http://www.healthbase.com). You can research about the various medical procedures, communicate with the surgeons overseas, apply for medical loans, plan and book your travel all at their website.

has anyone had lasik surgery and how much did it cost?

2010-05-23T21:19:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Wow, I don't know where you guys are getting your quotes at or where you live, but...

I just had mine done January 2, 2007, in Omaha, Nebraska. The cost was $4200 for Custom LASIK, no blades. Standard no blade LASIK was $3600. I received a 10% discount on the Custom, so my net cost was about $3800.

I'd priced out 3 other places in Omaha prior to booking where I went. Those prices were $4000 (Custom, no blade), $3200 (no Custom blade for flap removal), and $3000 (no Custom, blade for flap removal).

If you are planning on doing it, I would definitely check to see if any health plans at your employer offer discounts or anything. Also, if you have a flex benefits program, set that money aside in that account so you can pay with tax-free dollars.

Hope that helps. It ain't cheap, but it's worth it. And I would stay away from anyone that says $250 per eye. You don't want to end up looking like a pirate.

My two eldest sisters had the procedure done and one of them told me that it was about $1,000 an eye. I think it all depends on the doctor who probably sets their own prices.

My mother had it done to her eyes. I think it cost like $2400, but that was a couple years ago, so by now it's probably a lot less. My mother's employer actually paid for a good portion of that, I think half, so that would be something to look into.

I haven't yet, but here in eastern ohio there is a dr who charges $250 per eye. I really think it depends on your dr %26 the area where you live.

It's in the general area of $1,000 per eye. Just make sure you research your doctor and keep in mind that (depending on your age),you may still end up having to wear 'reading glasses' at some point.

It usually runs about $1,000 dollars for both eyes all together but I know a few doctors that do a lifetime "fix for around $2,000, so either way you can see better, and for double the price, you can be guaranteed, permanant/consistant visual gratification right? oh, you should search around and try to get the best doctor rather than the best deal. right?

i had it done 4 yrs ago,cost then was around $2,000

Has anyone had an anuerysm and would be willing to share what it was like or knew anyone that did?

2010-05-23T21:18:00.003-07:00

please leave your e-mail address so i could ask some questions thank you
Answer:
My grandmother dropped dead peeling potatos at 63 years old from an anuerysm in her heart. My mother and her only sister had brain anuerysms at the age of 45.(They were both 45 years old.) My aunt died within 24 hours. My mother lived because hers started to actually seal itself closed. She had brain surgery and was in an induced coma for a month after surgery.
You can email me by clicking on my profile and going to my profile page. I won't give out my email address here because I was turned in for "chatting and personal whatever" it is that you receive a violation for..I will be glad to answer any questions you might have....

Well, unless dead people are able to email, then I doubt you'll get many answers.

One of my father's friends was out fishing one day, and suddenly got a bad headache out of nowhere. He was taken ashore, and was advised to go to the hospital. He said he'll just sleep it off. He died instead of a brain aneurysm. You can contact me at Scythian@aol.com.

Has anyone had a positive experience,taking the antipsychotic :haldol?

2010-05-23T21:18:00.002-07:00

Please feel free to elaborate.What were the good and bad?And Have you ever taken haldol in conjunction with other drugs like seroquel?
Answer:
Yeah - I was in the hospital and they gave me a shot of Haldol to calm me down - wheh - It did! Good stuff.But it was only one time.Never tried seroquel.

As a paramedic, I've had positive experiences GIVING Haldol (haloperidol). It's a pretty strong antipsychotic drug. We use it for patients with extreme behavioral problems.

They give it to you right before they tie you up.

seroquel is a weight gainer drug!!even in small doses.

Has anyone had a doctor prescribe Erythromycin oral liquid to your child? I filled a prescription today for my

2010-05-23T21:18:00.001-07:00

little 2 month girl and the pharmacist said he had to divide the amount for some reason, and now I am fearing the dosage might be wrong. He calculated it to be at .78 per dosage every 6 hours is this the right dosage? the pharmacy is now closed, it was a local one at the Medical building.
Answer:
The amount prescribed is appropriate for your daughter's age, weight and infection. The dosage is 30-50mg/kg/day in divided doses. The upper limit for your daughter would be 68.75mg 4 times a day. The dose prescribed is 62.4mg 4 times a day, which is within normal limits. This medication is available in drops, but using the 400mg/5ml suspension is OK and allows a smaller volume of fluid for your daughter to swallow. To lessen your fears, erythromycin is a very forgiving drug when it comes to dosing. The most common side effects are stomach/GI-related, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Call your doctor if this occurs.I hope your baby gets well soon.Rick the PharmacistRick the Pharmacist

More than likely the doctor calculated the wrong dosage, and the pharmacist had to fix it. That is a fairly common event. The pediatric dose is about 7.5-12.5mg per kilogram every 6 hours. The dosage looks fine.

Has anyone had a bone marrow transplant or know someone who has had one.I just want to know how it went?

2010-05-23T21:18:00.000-07:00

I had one when i was six and i'm doing fine now. I have childhood onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. In fact I would say I'm a prettty strange case. I should be loosing brain cells , but i'm not, lucky me. I had mine done in Minnesota, and I live in Wisconson. I just want to know how it went for you or them
Answer:
Do you want to know the trueth? My grandfather is no longer living, he had something like that. Your young so..I hope you make it

I don't know if you have ever seen the movie Lorenzo's oil, but it is about a young child who had ALD. Sadly ALD is a horrible disease, and you are very fortunate that you are doing ok! There are many conditions treated with bone marrow transplants, particularly leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas.

Well.. I work in an Oncology hospital and I get to see folks get bone marrow transplants as well as HCPT (stem cell) transplants. I've watched folks sail through it like troopers and walk out.
Some don't. I've seen where the HLA type was a great match, and the graft never took, and times where the HLA type was an OK match and the person took up the graft and made great recovery.Leukemias, Lymphomas, Myelomas are very ugly diseases.
They do not play by the rules, and play no favorites.Count yourself lucky.

has anyone gotten headaches while taking topamax??

2010-05-23T21:17:00.003-07:00

Answer:
No, I haven't gotten any from taking it. I take 75 -100 mg every night before bed to help prevent migraines the NEXT day. If I get a headache the next day I have Relpax which, IMO, is a wonder drug - I have never taken anything better than that - besides aspirin (unfortunately aspirin burned a hole in my deodenum and I almost died!).Have your doctor give you script for Relpax (they will only give you about 6 - 10 pills /month), and if you get a headache - whish - it's gone!

If you're taking Topamax for migraines, then yes you can still get migraines on Topamax. The purpose of taking it is to reduce the frequency and severity. That is by no means a guarantee that you won't get one during treatment.It reduced mine significantly, but I also can't feel my fingers or toes, food tastes freaky, and I feel like the village idiot for a few hours after taking it. I stopped taking it because the side effects were more annoying than the migraines. But while I was taking it, they were reduced, but not ocmpletely cured.

Has anyone gone to University of Maryland School of Nursing or Medicine?

2010-05-23T21:17:00.002-07:00

I want to go to medical school and become a trauma surgeon, obviously after I graduate from high school and college. I'm pretty sure I want to go to nursing school for my undergrad, so I at least have nursing to fall back on if I don't get into medical school. I have been doing some research and I've found that I am particularly interested in University of Maryland, mainly because of their world-renowned R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center. So my question is... Has anyone on ByeDR been through either school? What did they think of it? Were you exposed, at all, to the Program in Trauma? And last but not least.Do you live in the state of Maryland? I live in Michigan, and I want to know if it is worth moving for. Thank you and God Bless!
Answer:
I am a graduate of the University of MD School of Medicine. During medical school, we got no exposure to Shock Trauma at all. I also did my residency there for anesthesiology, and spent 1 month in the neuro ICU out of the 3 year residency.I think the surgical residents spent more time there, especially the ortho guys.It may be different now, because I haven't been there since 1993. We got plenty of trauma at University, though. Weekend call could be full of gunshot wounds, stabbings and drunk guys being hit by cars. Ahhhh... life in the big city!Maryland is nice. I was born and raised there, so it's home to me. The hospital is not in a great part of town, but it is in a better part of town than Hopkins is. You wouldn't want to actually live near either place, though.Baltimore has its own personality. Kind of kitschy, but fun. There are some good neighborhoods within Baltimore, and lots of nice suburban areas to settle in.Shock-O-Rama (as we called it) may have its own residency program, or Univ of MD trauma surg program may have their residents spend lots of time there. When the time comes to go to med school and, later, look for residency, that is a question you would want to ask. These things change over time, too, so what is true now may not be so in a few years.Best of luck to you!

For starters, I didn't go to Univ of Maryland, but I know a little about the process of becoming a trauma surgeon.You will likely find it harder to get into UMD since it is a state funded school and you are coming from out of state. But don't let that stop you. Just realize that it isn't that important to go there. And also know that just because you went to UMD is not a guarantee that you will get into the fellowship there.As for becoming a trauma surgeon, it would be more important to get into Maryland after you have graduated medical school and completed your surgical residency. Once you complete those two things you can go into fellowship (further specialization).Trauma surgeons are made one of two ways. One is to do a trauma fellowship which allows you to call yourself a trauma surgeon. The other, more versatile path (which is the one I chose), is to do a surgical critical care fellowship. This allows you to do both trauma and critical care. Both of the fellowships are an additional year. Some people go overboard and do both, but it is not required. Both critical care and trauma fellowships are available at UMD.In selecting your residency, I would suggest to you that you find a program that is closely affiliated with a Level I trauma center. This is basically any large urban university hospital. You will likely get an adequate exposure to trauma care there and will allow you to determine if it is really for you or not. The path to trauma is also a long one that will test your resolve at every turn. First, most people will change their minds as to what they want to do for residency two or three times during medical school alone. So it鈥檚 a difficult decision to do surgery in the first place. Once in residency, people often change their minds again. Most students like the sound of "Trauma Surgeon", but start to shy away from it when they realize the work involved and realize that it isn't a very nice lifestyle and many abandon the path. I don't want to try to scare you; I just want you to go in with your eyes open.As for nursing: I don't think that you will find that having a nursing degree is any advantage to getting into medical school. But backup plans are good, mine was to do a PhD in chemistry.Just work hard, do well in _all_ of your classes, but especially in chem, orgo, physics and any biology classs. Study extremely hard for the MCAT to maximize your chances. But don't forget most schools are looking for a well rounded student, so get out there and get involved. Be a volunteer or help out in a charitable cause. It is also very helpful to be leader at your school. They wil both help you to get into med school, but will also help you in the long run.Good luck.

has anyone experienced weight gain when taking Paxil CR ?

2010-05-23T21:17:00.001-07:00

Answer:
Paxil CR is an "SSRI" (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)...and, as a whole, these types of drugs do promote an increased appetite (and possible weight gain.)

Oh yeah. and it has been very hard to get that weight off.

Has anyone ever tried some CDs that are labeled to "stimulate human growth hormone production"? Is it a scam?

2010-05-23T21:17:00.000-07:00

Just saw it on ebay, CD labeled "Quantum Subliminal Matrix Technology鈩?(QSMT)" and it supposedly has subliminal messages to make your brain produce more hgh, scam? Just curious. ^_~
Answer:
Somebody makes a huge scientific discovery like that, but uses it to sell CD's on eBay instead of announcing it in respectable scientific journals? I rather doubt it.There's some data to support the idea that subliminal messages can affect your thoughts or behavior in small ways. However, there's never been any evidence that they could directly affect any sort of chemical in your brain, particularly not human growth hormone.It'll be interesting to see if this comes up during some drug testing debacle in sports. :-) "No, I'm not taking steroids, it must be a side effect of this CD I've been listening to..."

S C A M

Yes, its a scam. The pituitary gland which creates growth hormone cannon be stimutated to produce it. The only thing to replace low or no growth hormone is growth hormone injections.

has anyone ever taken a hair drug test? if so tell me about it.?

2010-05-23T21:16:00.003-07:00

I have to take one today and i have use some cleaning products, but i'm curious about how it works and how to pass. i have been clean for a month and a half but before was an occaional user of pot.
Answer:
The hair test is much more thorough than the standard piss test.Basically, as the THC is absorbed into your body, it exits through your hair follicles and becomes trapped in your hair. It's been some time since my last hair test, but it seems the THC will remain in your hair for up to three months. That should vary from person to person.The special shampoo basically strips your hair raw, removing any trace amounts of THC that would otherwise remain. I did the hair test twice, about 7 years ago now, and the special shampoo helped me pass with flying colors.Whatever you do, don't cut your hair super-short or shave your head. Fingernails are essentially a different type of hair (in so many words), and if the technicians can't get a good hair sample, they will take your fingernails, and you'll be screwed.

The hair test is very rare indeed. you must be applying for a prestigous position. i'd be interested to what that would be if you could provide a little more info. also that hair test is infallible there is no fooling it. and it keeps a record of anything you've done for, i'm told, 7 years. however it seems more likely the record is directly proportional to the length of your hair i.e. a 3 year growth would hold a 3 year record. regardless im sure that the pot will show up.

has anyone ever heard of a product called curlex and if so can you buy this product anywhere?

2010-05-23T21:16:00.002-07:00

I was a medic in the military and we used it to patch bullet holes. it is a gauze like material and we you stuffed it in hole it expaned and sealed the hole and stopped the bleeding
Answer:
Kerlex - is a type of gauze that you can wrap around an arm/leg. There is a product that has iodine infused through it that can be used to pack wounds that are being allowed to heal without stitches. I'm sorry, I can't think of the name of it - what we use has gauze about one inch wide, comes wrapped into a roll in a brown bottle.
There is also a product called Gelfoam that can be used to absorb blood to facilitate clotting. When I worked in the nursery, we used it to help stop a circ from bleeding.
I would think any of them could be found in a comprehensive pharmacy.
Hope some of that helps!

Kerlix can be found at WalMart.

Curlex is used on ambulances in my area. It comes in a roll like gauze, however it adheres to itself so the use of tape is not necessary to hold it in place. It can be found/ordered through any medical supply company. We carry it on our ambulance to hold IV tubing and catheters in place on the very sweaty or very combative. Ours is a very pretty bright blue :-)

You may be thinking of iodoform tape. This is specifically for stuffing into holes that may be infected. It absorbs destructive exudate/blood and therefore hastens healing time. It is also slightly moist, so it doesn't rip out newly forming tissue. Then the curlex is applied.Hope this helps.

Has anyone ever heard of a Greenfield Filter leg breaking off and becoming embedded somewhere else in the body

2010-05-23T21:16:00.001-07:00

Answer:
Yes.Please see my other post. The second reference makes note of it as a known complication (altough exceedingly rare).If the filter does fracture it will in all likely hood become stuck in the lungs or heart. The treatment would be retervial through an endovascular procedure (done by an interventional radiologist) and failing that you would nbend up with a very significant surgery.http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;...

No, but that's scary. My 22 year old son has one, and so does my mother.

Has anyone ever had gallbladder surgery? Enlighten me please.?

2010-05-23T21:16:00.000-07:00

Answer:
Here is my answer from a similar question:First, about 25% of the population have gallstones. Only about 2% have problems with acute cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder). Of those 2%, most will be referred for surgery which is mostly curative.The common practice is to remove the gallbladder laparoscopically. The procedure consists of four small incisions: a 10-12mm incision in made in the bellybutton (umbilicus) and a camera is inserted. Then another 10 mm port is placed to the left side of the xypoid process (the most inferior portion of the sternum or breastbone). Two more 5 mm ports are placed below the rib cage on the right.The operation usually takes 45 min to 2 hours. In addition some surgeons will do an "intraoperative choleangiogram" - this is a study where the shoot dye into the biliary tract and look for trapped stones. If they find them, the will either retrieve them (common bile duct exploration) or refer you for an ERCP (endoscopic retrograde choleangio-pancreatography) where the sedate you, place a scope in your mouth and open the duct that connect the biliary tract with the digestive tract or small bowel.The standard is that patients either go home 8-12 hours after the operation or more likely the next day. You will likely be able to do light house work for the next two week. Most people are out of work 2-4 weeks while they heal. You will not be able to drive while you are on pain medications.On occasion the procedure can not be completed or even attempted via the camera. This requires an "open" procedure. This is a much more painful procedure with a longer recovery. Typically it is about 50% longer then the laparoscopic surgery.While you will not generally have any additional dietary restrictions, most patients find that they will have trouble (i.e. abdominal pain) if the consume a meal rich in fat the first few weeks after surgery. For some, they are never able to tolerate fatty meals, but most do.Gallbladders themselves don't explode from gallstones. Unless they become infected (gangrenous gallbladder) you typically just have intermittent pain until the gallbladder is removed.Despite surgery, it is possible for stone to form in the hepatic ducts. This is a difficult problem to resolve since the gallbladder is already gone. This is usually treated with ERCP as needed. Sometimes medications can help, but this is a rare occurrence.
Original question: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;...

I have never had it, but I saw a gallbladder surgery today. The one I saw, the doctors didn't open up the patient. They can make small incisions and use a small camera to guide them in the surgery. It is called Laparoscopic surgery and it is minimally invasive.

Has anyone ever had cosmetic surgery done by Dr Shailesh magabhai patel at Transform in Manchester UK?

2010-05-23T21:15:00.002-07:00

has anyone had a rhinoplasty or any other cosmetic sugery performed by Dr Shailesh Patel fromTransform medical group, in Manchester UK. If you have can you please give me some feedback thanks.
Answer:
If this guy is a properly-trained, eithical surgeon, then he'll want to have a consultation with you to make sure that you're skin is suitable for the surgery. For example, fair skin apparently scars quite badly (apparently) so if this is a medically proven fact, and you have fair skin then he will warn against you undergoing the operation. But if he does not arrange a consultation with you and is content to just talk to you on the day of the operation, then don't let him near you! That is bad practice.

THE BLOKE WITH 5 BALLS DID

Is that the same guy who owns the Taj Mahal curry house on Regents rd? I wondered where he got his meat from!

Blimey!

Its not rhinoplasty you need, its something to stop you asking the same question over and over and over and over

Cosmetic surgery is very safe nowadays. My cousin got her breast reduction, tummy tuck and facelift surgery in India by the company called Forerunners Healthcare .The Price for the surgery she paid in India was very less. She paid 30% of the cost she was quoted in America.Forerunners Healthcare is very famous in India. They arrange cosmetic and plastic surgery for foreigners in India. I read a lot about them in the Newspapers and about their patient stories. They arrange financing for USA, Canadian, UK and other international patients who plan to have surgery abroad for low price, as the breast reduction, tummy tuck, facelift and other cosmetic surgery is not covered by insurance. They also have photos pasted of their International patients. You can checkout their website. There are huge cost savings. As a doctor I personally believe that surgery can be easily handled in India, as the quality of healthcare available In India is simply best in the world. The surgeons are USA/UK trained and facilities are 5 star.http://www.forerunnershealthcare.com...
Hope this helps.

Has anyone ever had cosmetic ear surgery?

2010-05-23T21:15:00.001-07:00

I think its called otoplasy or something. Wondering how old yu where, how long it took you to recover (able to go back to work), happy with results...?? Thanks
Answer:
hi, my name is dumbo and i had big ears so i ghad them removed, but now i cant hear $hit..
i was a proffesional movie critict but i got fired so now im back at the circus workin for peanuts(not kiddin)
%26#92;stay away from the oktowplasmatanatic surgery if you want to have a future.
just use an old trick, buy gigantic earmuffs and wearthem in the summer!

nooo way,do u know how dangerous that is

I assisted at one a few years back. It is usually an outpatient procedure. You can go back to work the next day. It is very satisfying to patients who have been ridiculed for having big ears. Patients are definitely happy. First ask yourself, though, do I really need it? It is very rare that a person has undesirable ears. What you may find unattractive may actually look quite normal to others.

Has anyone ever had a doctor touch them in the "wrong way"? I have but don't wanna talk about it...

2010-05-23T21:15:00.000-07:00

Answer:
No, I haven't, however, wasn't there a nurse in the room w/ the dr?? There has always been a nurse in the room when I was w/ a male dr. (at the hospital after having my son, at the dentist, GP and gyno, even the emergency room)With whom do you not want to talk about it? Us? Your friends, your family? A therapist?? If you are mentally healthy enough to know it had nothing to do with you, and that you are not at fault, I see no reason to have to talk about it. If for any reason you are fealing ANY form of guilt, then yes, you NEED to talk about it, because keeping inside will only compound the problem and maybe create problems for yourself later on, whether noticable or not. There is no reason to have to talk about it to family or friends. If they are pressuring you to talk about it, then they are being selfish. You need to talk about it w/ someone you feel comfortable with. Find a lisenced therapist (psychologist or psychotherapist..not simply a social worker). Most health insurance companies cover therapy (under Mental Health). Someone who can offer an objective point of view. Find a therapist w/ whom you feel comfortable with. It is OK to switch therapists if the first 1 or 2 or even 3 just aren't doing it for you. However, don't go to a therapist that tells you what you want to hear, because inside you know what is right and what isnt'. Remember, you have to go thru the pain to get to the other side. ;) Good luck and I'm glad you reported him! Pooey on him! ps---I just had a dream about this 2 nights ago.very weird that I am reading this post right now.

Nope

Yeah. You're not just out for juicy stores at all, eh?

then why did you post the question?

not me.but you should report the doctor.just think how many others you may be helping just by doing the right thing.

ok, bad for you , I've never been molested, I've gotten ??? many times, what cheers me up, is when they throw the money at me!!hell yeah!

Then why are you mentioning it... and to answer your question... no.

No i have not. I hate going to the doctor's office and i'm an adult.

I did. My doctor was a hot 30 yr old woman and when I visited her to explain that the skin around my helmet was hurting, she massaged it for me. First time I ever got intimate with a woman.

No, but if I were you I'd get a lawyer and sue. I would NOT go to him or her again! Plus, if you don't report them, they might be doing it to other patients too! Take 'em down! They are a disgrace to their profession! Stay away from them, and don't go back, or they might try even worse next time. If this is bothering you, you can go on chatrooms online too for support. Good luck!

If you don't want to talk about it, then don't post about it.

um... yeah... i was 7 and this doctor at philadelphia's children hospital was checking for my pulse... somewhere... down there... so yeah. no more details...

I'm really sorry that happened to you. That sucks. This is a person you're supposed to be able to trust. I'm glad you reported him. I think it would help though if you would talk about with someone you know, maybe even a counselor.

Nope

I personally Never Have Been, Nor Have I Ever Done So, to me it is an Abuse of Power, Not that I Think it Couldn't Happen, but Something Benign may Be Seen By the Patient as Malignant.

Has anyone ever experimented with DMT?

2010-05-23T21:14:00.003-07:00

If so did you see machine elves, giant insects, and emerald palaces? Did the DMTverse seem more real than reality?
Answer:
I used 5meo-DMT about 8 months ago I smoked roughly 500mgs total (not all at once) Basicly just after the first Hit that I took. I felt extreamly nausiated and like the entire world just kinda bent and flattend. I didn't know what to do with myself so I ran outside and everything was just so like blended all the colors of like kinda sworled together in this like huge mass of everything. Then after the rush everything seemed to be more alive. Everything seemed to be connected.

I saw Godzilla but turned out to be the wife.Coach

Has anyone ever experienced this strange heart issue?

2010-05-23T21:14:00.002-07:00

After I eat a large meal, my heart feels like it begins skipping.
Answer:
I had tachicardio and PVC's nothing major just a pill a day until I had dropped a few pounds (after I delivered the baby) and change in diet!
You should see a doctor soon though!

Palpitations. Talk to your doctor. It is often harmless and can be controlled (usually with medication) if it carries a risk or causes you discomfort.

Certain foods/drinks makes me have heart palpitations (irregular beats). - Snapple iced tea, anything that contains olive oil, and Hot Tamales candy. I don't know why. I have had my heart completely checked out in the past. These are 3 things that I like (and will still eat/drink!) but they ALWAYS cause my heart to do that.

That is your bodies way to tell you not to eat so much. Slow down. If that doesn't work, see your doctor

has anyone ever bought B12 shots from Mexico - I'm going in a few months and was thinking about getting some

2010-05-23T21:14:00.001-07:00

are there any dangers with the med's from there?
Answer:
I definitely would not go to Mexico and take any shots. Regulation of drugs is much less there. You could pick a disease such as AIDS or Hepatitis. I recommend the B12 you can buy in a drugstore. B12 deficiency is really not that common. B12 deficiency mainly occurs in vegetarians.

B12 shots are given here why do you want to get them from mexico my friends take them all the time to control her weight.

has anyone ever been on Zyban the no smoking drug? Did it work? What side effects did u have if any?

2010-05-23T21:14:00.000-07:00

Answer:
I personally think that wellbutrin is the best drug ever.Let me tell you why.1) I quit smoking. After 15 years and many many attempts I just stopped. Bear in mind I was pushing three packs a day! It is really werid however. Unlike other quit smoking programs (patchs gum meetings ect) I tried there was no presure to stop. I started taking my pills. (150 mg in the morning for 8 days then 300 mg from then on out) After about two weeks I woke up and I just didn't smoke. In fact I didn't even notice I had quit because I didn't even want a smoke. Simply admazing. I still remember thinking in my morning shower, "Did I have a smoke today? Did I just quit? No I think I just stopped."2) I LOST WEIGHT! Thats right. Most people quit smoking and gain weight. Not me. I wasn't as hungrey.3) I started going to the gym. Wellbutrin gives me energy. (Be careful when you take that second pill.. never to late) I actually felt like being there! Not smoking and extra energy equals motivation.4) I just plain feel better.Quick warning. My friend tried it after me. She didn't "ramp" up. She started on the full 300 mg. She had the worst headaches! (She got over it and had simular experiences as me. it just took her a lot longer because she tried to short cut it.)This drug will keep you awake if you are NOT careful. I never take my second pill after 12. Otherwise you will not sleep. I advise the gym (I started with walking and swiming) to burn the extra energy.And from what I have heard don't just stop taking it! Ramp down.Final note : I have recommended wellbutrin to many friends at this point. While a few have not liked it the huge majority had great sucess. I notice the ones who did not quit smoking were not really committed to the idea to begin with. Make sure it is in your heart and you will be fine!

I tried it, didn't work.But, I had the worst insomnia ever...I laid in bed all night soo tired I couldn't think straight, but I couldn't sleep.

Be very carefull.I tried it and it worked great...didnt have the urge or craving at all...I was rather surprised...after taking the pill for two weeks..I started having wicked nightmares...the same reacurring one...then I got violently ill...and yuor supposed to take them for 3 months.not likely...as I said...be very carefull

Yes I did try Zyban to attempt stop smoking, it did not help me, The side affects that I did experience was an enhanced desire for nicotine. I did not expereince any other reactions what so ever.
I have noticed that after I started smoking again, which I was able to stop smoking for half day using this product, when I restarted smoking, I felt the need to smoke more cigarettes.
I have tried several stop smoking patches and gums and all of the ones I have tried have not helped me, personally, my work is stressful and smoking is the only thing that I can take to help me relieve the stress that I have.

I took the same drug for depression--the only effects I noticed were insomnia at first (goes away when you get tired enough) and an increase in energy.I'm not a smoker, but I heard it can help with any sort of craving (I may have eaten less while taking it).

Never taken it, but Zyban is bupropion, also sold as an antidepressant called Wellbutrin. Every antidepressant changes the brain chemistry, and this can have different effects in different people.

i take that drug for the treatment of depression. when i first started taking it i lost all interest in smoking . i had smokes just sitting there for over a week and never thought to smoke them .
i did have some minor side effects like i had this kind of wave going in my head from one side to the other. some bathroom problems too. none of the side effects were enough for me to think about stopping the medication . bear in mind i was on a higher dose that is used for smoking treatment.
i don't know why i am still smoking but i am and i sure wish i wasn't . i do remember that when i had my girlfriend over she smoked like a chimney and that might be what got me going again i don't remember.
this medication at this maximum dosage does make me sweat a huge amount when i work. i am a mover and some people think i am going to drop dead when i am working but i just drink lots of sports drink stuff Gatorade or power-aid. i also must chew gum or my mouth gets so dry i feel like i am choking and i will vomit if i don't get a drink of water fast.
other then that the medication combined with another one has made a huge difference in the depression.

Has anyone else taken Wellbutrin to stop smoking?

2010-05-23T21:13:00.003-07:00

I am on it now, but I have only slowed smoking, not really stopped. I was told to wait up to 4 weeks to really lose the need to smoke.I do like the fact that it has improved my mood!
Answer:
Wellbutrin SR 150 mg. is an antidepressant that is the same drug sold under the name Zyban that is marketed as a smoking cessation drug.They are both the same.

Wellbutrin is an anti-depressant.. hence the mood improvment... I tried it to stop smoking.. I was told to take it for 7 days.. and on the 7th day to stop smoking cold turkey.. didn't work for me...However... I have 2 family members that are trying the new one out %26lt;chantix%26gt; and have BOTH stopped smoking... one was a 50+ yr smoker.

I started taking Wellbutrin than 3 weeks later on Wed, 14 Dec 2005 I finally stop smoking

I had a friend who did. She said it worked.

it will improve your mood because people take it as an anti depressant...but it will take a few weeks for you to see a change in smoking.

has anyone else taken mucinex??

2010-05-23T21:13:00.002-07:00

i took it once and it made me very jittery and sick, and my mom recntly took it and she felt the same way.is it just us or has any one else experienced this?
Answer:
mucinex alone contains only guiafenesen, which is an expectorant. It helps make coughs more effective in mucous removal. It sounds like you might have taken mucinex-D. Which also contains psuedoephedrine, a nasal decongestant. The comment about being jittery can be a side effect of pseudoephedrine for some people. but guiafenesen doesnt usually ever make people feel jittery or sick.

Make sure you drink plenty of water or fluids when you take mucinex. I have found that it works very well, but I take it with about 15 ounces of water per tablet. As the previous post said, there is plain mucinex and mucinex D. The plain mucinex is a blue and white pill. I have had success with the plain mucinex.

has anyone bought the "spray" at increaseheight.com?

2010-05-23T21:13:00.001-07:00

I just want to find out somebody's REAL experience- not just the testimonials on the site- they say they have a 91% success rate and money back guarantee but you've got to be skeptical of claims like that. Anyone have details about their product??
Answer:
here is the beef, currently it is legal in the US to make any claims about your product that you like, as long as you offer a money back gaurantee. which this company does, they are banking that you will not go through the trouble of sending back the unused portion and paying shipping. I would imagine the shipping cost would be at least 5 dollars. If it sounds too good to be true it probably is. Don't let them fool you. If you really want to grow talk to your doctor about HGH Human growth Hormone.

This is a pure scam, save your money.

Has anyone been on a drug called refampin?

2010-05-23T21:13:00.000-07:00

I was wondering what sort of side effects can occur.
Answer:
The most common side effect of rifampin is orange coloured urine and stools. It can also damage liver and kidneys.

I am right now and everything is wonderful!

Rifampin is a synthetic antibiotic used to treat TB and certain types of meningitis. Some side effects can include, but NOT limited to headaches, heartburn, the runs, rash, vomiting, etc.

Rifampicin is used to treat TB. It is also used to prevent meningitis in contacts.Side effects include elevation of liver enzymes and derangement of liver function, reduced platelets (thrombocytopenia) and raised blood urea nitrogen due to impairment of kidney function. Liver function impairment is more common so baseline liver function tests are done before starting treatment and also during treatment.

Lots of good answers here, but the annoying and frequent thing is that yellowing of various body fluids. Not harmful, but disconcerting if you're not forwarned.

has anybody had a head transplant in the world?

2010-05-23T21:12:00.003-07:00

Answer:
Actually I think it has been done in monkeys and I believe they did survive for a while and show some signs of transmission of nerve impulses. Obviously never in humans. The problem is that it is not possible to connect the spinal cord and the nerves in such a way as to allow accurate transmission of nerve impulses across the join.
The term head transplant itself is a misnomer. You are your brain. The recipient would be the head and the donor organs would be the rest of the body. I suppose you would call it a whole body transplant.

No.

FRANKENSTEIN

George bush soon we hope

Has anybody ever thought of making hiccup medicine?

2010-05-23T21:12:00.002-07:00

Think about it, just take a spoon full of it when u get them, and don't have to hold your breath for 100 seconds or do any of the stand on your head mumbo jumbo.
Answer:
Hiccups are caused by spasms of the diaphram. if someone invented a medicine to stop spasms, it would relax the muscle thereby making it hard or impossible to draw a breath. Most of the "cures" tend to be things that regulate your breathing and require concentration. So it is basically mind over matter and strong concentration.

All you do is take deep breaths and they should go away.

Chlorpromazine seems to be the most useful medication for singultus (hiccups), and not only does it not work as well as some other methods, it has nasty side-effects, and nobody likes taking it. The most likey cure for an attack, though, isn't all that unpleasant: Just put a spoonful of table sugar on the soft palate. In comparison studies, this seems the trick that works most often.

has any1 successfully received xanax rx w/o dr.rx ?buying online?

2010-05-23T21:12:00.001-07:00

if so do u have the company u use or still using?
Answer:
I wish

I have friends who have used rx jet and mailpharma and had good results. Good luck!

ditto

Xanax is a controlled substance, distribution is supposed to be monitored through the FDA/DEA. This is completely illegal to obtain in the manner you are questioning, please don't be a narc seeker drug addict and don't provide this sort of information to teens who could be viewing this site.

Has any vaccine ever been shown to have a long term side effect?

2010-05-23T21:12:00.000-07:00

ever?
Answer:
It is possible, although extremely unlikely, for a chicken pox vaccine to result in shingles, which is usually a life-long condition. Some people get a mild case of chicken pox from the vaccine, and in some of those people, the chicken pox vaccine remains dormant or semi-dormant in the body from then on. It emerges later in life as shingles -- severe, blistering nerve pain. There is no cure at present, although antiviral drugs can help keep the virus dormant.This is not meant to be a recommendation against getting the chicken pox vaccine, however! Far more people get serious complications (including death) from chicken pox, including shingles, than those who get the vaccine.

Very good question! Yes, absolutely (and unfortunately).Google these words:
Vaccine
Murcury
AutismAnd that's not an "urban legend" or myth, or theory, like people such as the Washington Post will try to tell you. There are hundreds of scholarly articles, websites, and books on this issue. Know-vaccines.org is a good place to start. Here is an article from their site: http://www.know-vaccines.org/autism.html...Hope this helps answer your question!

the anthrax vaccine has been implicated in causing gulf war syndrome

Yes, all vaccines have hurt someone. There are some people that are allergic to the ingredients in a vaccine and may not know it. The absolute worst case would be death. Here are a few stats on some of the vaccines (http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/vis/...DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis)
Severe Problems (Very Rare)
鈥?Serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million
doses)
鈥?Several other severe problems have been known to
occur after DTaP vaccine. These include:
- Deafness
- Long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness
- Permanent brain damageMMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)
Severe Problems (Very Rare)
鈥?Serious allergic reaction (less than 1 out of a million
doses)
鈥?Several other severe problems have been known to
occur after a child gets MMR vaccine. But this
happens so rarely, experts cannot be sure whether
they are caused by the vaccine or not. These include:
- Deafness
- Long-term seizures, coma, or lowered consciousness
- Permanent brain damage
Polio
These people should not get IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine):
鈥?Anyone who has ever had a life-threatening allergic
reaction to the antibiotics neomycin, streptomycin or
polymyxin B should not get the polio shot.
鈥?Anyone who has a severe allergic reaction to a polio
shot should not get another one.These people should wait:
鈥?Anyone who is moderately or severely ill at the time the
shot is scheduled should usually wait until they recover
before getting polio vaccine. The vaccine used TODAY has never been known to cause
any serious problems, and most people don't have any
problems at all with it.However, a vaccine, like any medicine, could cause
serious problems, such as a severe allergic reaction. The
risk of a polio shot causing serious harm, or death, is
extremely small.Here are some stats if we stopped vaccinating (http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/fs/g...Before the polio vaccine 13,000 to 20,000 cases of paralytic polio were reported each year in the UNITED STATES.In 1999, as a result of global immunization efforts to eradicate the disease, there were about 2,883 documented cases of polio in the WORLD.
==============================...
Before measles immunization nearly everyone in the U.S. got measles. An average of 450 measles-associated deaths were reported each year between 1953 and 1963. In developing countries death occurs in about one of every 100 persons with measles.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 900,000 measles-related deaths occurred among persons in developing countries in 1999. In populations that are not immune to measles, measles spreads rapidly. If vaccinations were stopped, each year about 2.7 million measles deaths worldwide could be expected.As for Mercury - this is from http://www.cdc.gov/od/science/iso/concer...Thimerosal is a mercury-containing preservative used in some vaccines and other products since the 1930's. No harmful effects have been reported from thimerosal at doses used in vaccines, except for minor reactions like redness and swelling at the injection site. However, in July 1999, the Public Health Service (PHS) agencies, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and vaccine manufacturers agreed that THIMEROSAL SHOULD BE REDUCED OR ELIMINATED IN VACCINES as a precautionary measure.
Today, with the exception of some Influenza (flu) vaccines, NONE of the vaccines used in the U.S. to protect preschool children against 12 infectious diseases contain thimerosal as a preservative.The link between autism and MMR or thimerosal was discounted by both National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2004.Sorry this is so long, but hope it helps.

You can read about vaccine side effects here:
http://www.patientsville.com/vaccine/...

Sometimes. As will all medical treatments, the risks need to be outweighed by the benefits for it to make sense to administer it. Nothing is perfect.

Has any one tried to give their child fish oil that are easy for children to take instead of ritalin,What kind

2010-05-23T21:11:00.002-07:00

Answer:
There are now many brands of fish oils that come flavored. The most common flavoring agent is lemon oil. Doing an internet search for "flavored fish oils" should give you a variety of brands to choose from.The use of fish oils to treat ADHD is still under debate. There have been a few studies, but the majority of them showed minimal positive effects.One study was done in 2004 in Okayama, Japan. Researchers gave 40 children with ADHD either fish oils containing 3.6 grams/week of DHA ( Docosahexaenoic acid -a fatty acid found in fish oils) or a placebo. After 2 months they found no difference in ADHD symptoms.Another study using fish oils on ADHD was done in Rochester, Minnesota (2001). Researchers had 63 children with ADHD (between the ages 6 - 12 ) take either 345 mg of DHA/day or a placebo.They found that the children on DHA supplements increased their DHA blood levels by over 2.6 times, compared to the placebo group - but there was no decrease in ADHD symptoms.This may sound discouraging, but there is some conflicting research. There was a study done in Oxford, England where researchers gave a placebo or omega 3 fatty acids to 117 children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).
DCD is a condition where children have difficulties in learning and psycho-social behaviors. After 3 months, they found that the children taking omega 3 fatty acids improved in reading, spelling and behavior. And to counter some of the above research, there are many anecdotal reports from people claiming a positive difference with the use of fish oils on ADHD.So this topic is still up for debate. Hopefully, there will be more research performed in the use of fish oils on ADHD.

they make them in capsule form

Hi JoJo. Carlson Laboratories (carlsonlabs.com) offers a childrens flavored chewable fish oil supplement. They are small capsules that can be swallowed or chewed.Best wishes and good luck with your son's challenging condition.

has any one out there took wellbutrin for there depression. does it work good.?

2010-05-23T21:11:00.001-07:00

i like to do research before i take any new drugs, i found where if you break a wellbutrin open and rub the powder on your lips and gum it has a numbing effect like cocain, what could this mean, is wellbutrin a senthetic cocain, or what, does any one no about this drug,
Answer:
Don't.Take it from one that has just been weened off of antidepressant. I had a total thyroidectomy, menopause, my father passed away at the same time. It was too much for my body to take. I have just gotten off Effexor XR after going through trail periods of Paxil and Wellbutrin. It does not mater what you are taking everyone will react differently to them. One person can not tell you what to expect. All I can tell you is that I did not want to live the rest of my life on and anti-depressant. They are prescribed too freely and without reasonable consideration by the attending physician prescribing them. The withdrawals from these drugs are far worse than anything you could possible be going through now. They were far worse than anything I went through.If at all possible seek help other than a prescription. I truly feel that we are guinea pigs with all of these drugs and years from now we will learn of the outcome because of it.I wish you the best.

i took it i hate it i stopped taking it smoke weed

a friend of mine used it for about 10years and she said it worked quite well for a long time but like anything her body got used to it and no longer benefited so the doctor switched her to Zoloft which is now working quite well

I never heard anything like that, all I know is that it works for quitting smoking.

welbuterin has many uses. I took it to stop smoking, and i still smoke. As per any drug or prescription, u may have ur own individual side effects, or complications depending on ur health, past health, other medications, and etc. So just because 10 people took it and 6 were pleased and seen results, doesnt mean that most people will have great results. When i was taking it i followed my doctors prescription to the t and i was having terrible nightmares about the strangest things. Now mainly this drug is used for depression, and I dont believe i was depressed, so maybe it was making me depressed? who knows. But it is good to research a little before and see hwats goin on with the drug. ITs just somethig ur going to have to talk to ur doctor about seriously and see what they recommend for you and ur situation, so good luck!

my brother took it for awhile. i think it helped his depression, but he had major seizures from it. be careful!

I have never heard of it being called a synthetic cocaine...if it were it would be classified as a controlled substance, which it is not. I have not taken it for depression but I have heard that it can help individuals with their depression (hence...it is an antidepressant). Talk to your Doc and/or Pharmacist and see what they say. Check into the side effects also (it really helps to know these when you are taking them). Wellbutrin can cause a light-headed feeling that, for me, lasted about 15 minutes (nothing to get excited about, it wasn't a "high" feeling).I used it to quit smoking...the non-smoking portion lasted about 6 months. I have not used it as an anti-depressant.

Never tried any Anti-Depressants, but I have experianced my fair share of 'difficulties' in life and have found that councelling (whether with a trained councellor, or a jsut talking to close friend) works considerably better.One way of looking at it is that Anti-Depressants are similar in one vain to Asprin. Most people have a headache and take an asprin, which does nothing to cure the cause of the headache, it simply masks the symptoms. This works as the cause of most headaches will simply go away on its own, wheras the stress that causes depression will not simply cure itself. This means that most people who take anti-depressants find that when they finally stop taking the pills, the root cause is still there.Take it from me, fix the problem, not just the symptoms.Just incase it sounds like I'm just talking a load of self richeous rubbish, my Girlfriend was on Anti-Drepressents for 2 years prior to our meeting. When we decided to settle down I asked her to stop taking the pills and talk through problems with me instead. This has actually removed any desire on her part to take the tablets, but has also managed to bring us closer together. Sometimes it a little adversity can be constructive, as it forces people to communicate, lack of which is in my opinion the biggest cause of failed relationships.

Has any of us had laser eye surgery??

2010-05-23T21:11:00.000-07:00

I would love it done, but i don't know anyone thats had it done,what are the risks and how much would it cost?
Answer:
It's risky. Make sure you do plenty of research before embarking on this. You have a very minor inconvenience - wearring glasses. Is it really worth risking blindness? This BBC article will start you off -
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2745035.st...

i've considered this for a while.. supposedly about 拢300 per eye.. as legend has it loli shudda got it wen i was still on the NHS =(

If you have insurance it should not cost you may be just your co-payment which should not be more than you can manage, i haven't had it done thank God but i have seen and work with people who had it and they say it was just so easy no problem and was back at work in 4-5 days, but if you are scared please speak with your optician.

Cost shouldn't cause concern, what matters is that you gain better vision. As with any "op" there's always a risk.. though they will tell you its about 1 in 1000 or something similar. You dont specify why you are thinking of having Laser treatment but my mum regained her vision earlier this year after undergoing cataract removal. During the op she moved slightly which resulted in a tear to her new lense, so she had to have a stitch in her eye temporarily. The stitch was later removed by laser.
We all knew the risks, we were well informed and my mum is a real worrier when it comes to hospitals and such. But the very next morning her sight had returned and after three months of total blindness she could see. "Hello Joe" she said when I eventually got up that morning. of course I wept, with joy. It was well worth all the check-ups and procedures. The actual op took a mere 18 minutes...!!So. (sorry for rambling) if you need the treatment, go for it... I'm sure everything will be fine.

i had a friend who did it, it cost her about $1000 she said it was worth it

I had it done in 2000. I love it! After wearing glasses for 40 years, now my distance vision is 20/20 (or a wee bit better).Two problems, hwoever:Now I need reading glasses. I can read but +2.00 nonpresription glasses help alot. And they cost $5. For younger folks, this is not so much a problem, however.At night, lights have a shimmering. From what I understand, this problem has been pretty much eliminated with newer techniques.But even with these two minor problems, I'd do it again. There seems to be lots of urban myths about people going blind or someone has a friend who has a friend...Talk to your opthamolgist and get the facts.It cost me about $1500.

I HAD GLASS EYES FITTED I HAD TO DRILL HOLES IN THEM I COULDNT SEE A THING

Has anyone had any success taking the medication "Trileptal" for Bipolar disorder?

2010-05-23T21:10:00.003-07:00

Answer:
my son also takes trileptal for his bipolar disorder. He has been on it for about 3-4 years. and it is the only one that he feels more under control with. We also placed plant lights in all his room lamps, because he is a night worker and misses out of the sunlights benefits. Good luck to you and take care.

Trileptal is a drug that affects the nerves and brain. It works by decreasing impulses in nerves that cause seizures. Unless your doctor is prescribing it as an "off label use". For example Topamax is FDA approved for migraine headache's but the psychiatric community also prescribes in in a "off label use" for bipolar I disorder.

Yes, my husband uses it with his bipolar disorder and feels it is a very appropriate drug. He has had success.Good luck

Haptens - What happens to the body when an allergy to something like penicillin occurs?

2010-05-23T21:10:00.002-07:00

I read somewhere that haptens become attached to carrier molecules..Can someone explain this concept to me a little better. My mom is on peniclllin for a week and she has been vomiting all day today and i wonder if she is having a reaction.
Answer:
The immune system is tuned to be able to tell the difference between self molecules and foreign molecules. This is how it combats infections and such. In autoimmune disorders, this system is messed up and actually begins attacking self cells. The immune system usually recognizes larger molecules (peptides, etc), however in the case of haptens, when a small molecule (e.g. penicillin) is bound to some other protein in the body, it can be recognized as foreign and cause an immune reaction (e.g. "allergies"). These would generally occur more quickly than a week and would usually present with breathing trouble and hives, however, it's always ok to call the doctor and ask them if she needs to come back in. Also, check the bottle and see if the meds should be taken with food. sometimes a piece of toast and a glass of water is all that is needed to help with this.Take home lesson ;) : never hesitate to call the doctor's office and ask if something doesn't seem right. it's their job! :)

It may be allergic reaction , she might have an allergy test to decide, but tell me if she developed any other symptoms rather than vomiting?!
but take into ur consideration that some penicillin's as ampicillin cause GIT upset , this may an obvious reason for vomiting!! especially if she ingested them on empty stomach

Allergy Requires IgE, Much that What is Said Above is True. See Type I Hypersensitivity.

Happy Pills?

2010-05-23T21:10:00.001-07:00

What are the best happy pills that are easy to get?
Answer:
Drugs are bad... mmmkay?

well i can get anything

The easiest to get are St. John's Wort - they are natural (ie legal) and safe (ie won't kill you). BUT don't take them if you are on birth control because they can lessen the protection you get from the pill. Otherwise, don't depend on a pill - go to cuteoverload.com or stuffonmycat.com or just talk to someone you love, or who makes you laugh. I've been dependent on antidepressants for years, and believe me, it's not fun. Find a natural high and what makes you happy in life. Good luck!!

If there are happy pills out there I would lkie some.

I can ask my friend - oops - i forgot- she just OD last week on some and is not in the mood for talking.Your up next sporto.

Oooh, ooh, I like happy pills. They've made me happy and have given me more energy! Which also makes me happy! Prozac is pretty easy to get.

ecstasyone problem is that leaves holes in you brain but they should make you happy.

Screw the pills, just smoke a little pot. It will make you feel way better than a pill, and it wont make you nauseous.

Cookies!

m%26m's in a sandwich with bacon and marshmallow is pretty good.

5-HTP is the closest legal over the counter alternative. You can buy them from a herbalist such as Holland and Barratts. They work by converting to 5-HT (the chemical name for seratonin) 5-HTP increases brain dopamine and noradrenaline activity. These are two main mood and alertness regulating neurotransmitters.You won't feel the effect immediately, but if you have 2 every day for a week or 2 you will definately feel the difference :-) hope this helps

Dont do it!!!its not good for ya!just do things that you like to do... Force ya self to just get involved in lots of things... you will not have time to be sad!

hand surgery?

2010-05-23T21:10:00.000-07:00

yes i have a 4 month old child that has something on his hand and i have been to a doctor at musc here in sc and then he sent me to a hand surgeon also in located in charleston and he believes my child might have to have surgery and what im trying to do is find a hand surgeon to take a look at the pictures of his hand and determind first what is it?? and two what are my choices ...
oh i forgot one important thing about the whole thing is this thing he has is a tumor between his 3 and 4 digits on his left hand and has a cluster of blood vessels...
Answer:
Does it involve the bone or the skin or the muscles? Is it a hemangioma? Has a dermatologist or a vascular surgeon seen it? I can't help refer you in your local. Here we have an excellent upper extremity group handupperex.com/ . They might be a resource for you.

You can get an online second opinion from the Cleveland Clinic. It is wonderful health facility. I work there. Here is a link to the online second opinion page.http://www.eclevelandclinic.org/myconsul...

had operation for shoulder impingement,resultingin frozen shoulder?

2010-05-23T21:09:00.002-07:00

experiencing severe sustained pain. any advise on treatments and results, in particular acupuncture .
Answer:
You don't say when you had your operation or what kind of operation it was. It would be helpful if you could also post which type of impingent it was, and how long you had symptoms pre-op., and what those symptoms were.Do you have wounds from the operation, or was it a manipulation under anaesthetic (MUA)? Were you immobilised post-op, if so for how long, and what treatment have you had since to get your arm moving, or what exercises do you do yourself?Try filling in some of the gaps, and we'll try to answer your question.

sue

try chiropratic therapy combined with massage/physical therapy it worked for me and i didnt even have surgery and had had the same problems for almost 18 yrs

massage

guide to take test for CT Scan?

2010-05-23T21:09:00.001-07:00

Answer:
Do you mean how to deal with having a CT scan done? It depends on what section of your body they are going to scan. They will give you an IV, possibly have you drink some dye, and they may give you a dye enima. The scan itself dosn't last very long. You have to be extremely still... if you move they have to start all over again. Just breath and try not to stress. I've had several and the worse part is the time building up to it.

You've got to give us more. Are you having an exam or are you studying for the registry? I'm confused.

A c-t scan is a series of multiple x-rays taken at high speed while revolving about you. This constant blast of radiation from every angle is only effective if you lie totally still . Do not subject yourself to this form of diagnostics for more than a very few times throughout your lifetime 'cause the cumulative affect can alter you dna to the point of dentrimental (-) health. Mri's have not been proven to be any less destructive over a long period of life. Either way any foreign subsance or jerky movement will spoil this "captured time".Honest communications are safest way forward to effect a safe outcome.

If they make you drink that disgusting Barium Sulphate milk shake, be sure you are near a toilet 3 to 4 hours later, or wear a diaper.

green pill imprint code L438... any ideas what this is?

2010-05-23T21:09:00.000-07:00

Answer:
It is a tylenol sinus pill:It contains:500 mg of Acetaminophen
30 mg of Pseudoephedrine

This pill is Pseudoephedrine 30 mg with Acetaminophen 500 mg
Imprint Code L438
Description light green, oblong tablet

Oblong green tablet imprinted L 438 is 500 mg acetaminophen and 30 mg pseudoephedrine (generic Tylenol Sinus Daytime).**I'm not a pharmacist or a medical doctor. This message is not medical advice nor is it an offer to provide medical advice. All drug identifications should be validated by a licensed MD or pharmacist.**

Gray's Anatomy?

2010-05-23T21:08:00.000-07:00

I plan on going to Medical School, or at least major in that field, and was just wondering what would be a good book to help me get a jump start, or one that would just be useful in helping me learn the anatomy of humans. (I've been looking at the Atlas Of Human Anatomy by Netter as well)I was also just wondering which book would be better, Gray's Anatomy (by Henry Gray) or the Gray's Anatomy For Students book? I was thinking the latter choice because Gray's still has all the latin text and words that aren't commonly used today, so chances are I won't understand some of what the text is saying without research beforehand.
Answer:
You can start off with Gray's Anatomy for Students. It is shorter, less detailed, and an easy read compared to the Gray's Anatomy (by Henry Gray). Once you are through with that book, it will give you a very good idea about human anatomy. It should also whet your appetite to read more about the complex system that the human body is. That's when you hit the bigger Gray's.If you start off with the bigger Gray, you will get discouraged easily because there is so much to read and all terms are unfamiliar. However, approaching it the other way will give you an all round confidence because you would already have completed reading the smaller book, got a comprehensive idea about anatomy and then reading for further detail.Keep at it. The voyage is as interesting as the destination.

Grays anatomy is a fantastic book for insomnia, it used to send me to sleep really quickly.
By all means buy it as a refernce book only, for good indepth reading go to your college book store and browse one afternoon - you will find one you like for sure - books are personal choices, so what was good for me might be disasterous for you! Usually, the staff are really helpful. Be sure to buy (or order) the latest addition too.
Good luck

Get it used...it doesn't matter what edition you choose - they haven't discovered an new body parts lately! I still have mine from 30 years ago!!

use netter! it is the best anatomy book, with the best pictures and detail. and that's what you'll use if you go to med school anyway...

Grant's "Atlas of Anatomy" is easier to read and the pictures are better. If you want to learn to read, Gray's is more profuse but works beter as a door stop.
Gray's are everywhere and cheap but a used Grant's is the better book.

i used to use snell's, chaurasia (this one is too detailed but easy reading by indian author) and netters as atlas

You can also go through Cunninghams.

Gray's Anatomy has stood the test of time and is the best one.It is a book you'll keep as reference for the rest of your life.Mine is the 34th Edition and I bought it when it just came out.I still use it.Enjoy the journey.

give the relationship of hypothalamus and anterior lobe of the pitiutary gland?

2010-05-23T21:07:00.000-07:00

Answer:
The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis, from Greek adeno, "gland"; hypo, "under"; physis, "growth"; hence, glandular undergrowth) comprises the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system. Unlike the posterior lobe, the anterior lobe is genuinely glandular, hence the root adeno in its name.Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary produces and secretes several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.

the hypothalamus helps regulate temperature and blood pressure...but the anterior lobe of the pituitary? never heard of it

The "Reader's Digest" version for a concept is that the hypothalamus sends messages downstream to the pituitary which does the same to the adrenals.

The anterior lobe of pituitary releases almost 6 hormones: STH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH and LTH... for the release of all these hormones, it needs a stimuli from the hypothalamus.eg: FSH RH (FSH Releasing Hormone)is released from the hypothalamus which orders the ant pituitary to produce FSH.. also the hypot. produces Inhibitors to inhibit the hormone production. thats y the old concept of pituitary as a master gland is now slowly fading away and it seems as if there exists a boss for the pituitary that is the hypothalamus.hope u r convinced abt this.

Granular Trachoma?

2009-11-07T06:50:00.003-08:00

I was hoping someone can give me additional information on this certain eye disease, such as specifically WHAT IT IS, (in simpler terms to make it easier) history, and symptoms. I'm not asking someone to give a whole essay. If they can give me a website or some of what they know, that would be okay.
Answer:
here's a good website.. my mom uses the book version at home. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec20/ch229/ch...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/trachoma...

Grades to become a General Practitioner?

2009-11-07T06:50:00.002-08:00

hey, im 13 atm and im at as grammar school study all the normal subjexts and we're at the time when w need to think about our options and i want mostly to be a GP this is not too ambitious i think but i think i can do it because i have interest in Science Maths communtications etc the subjexts needed but what grades do i actualy need to be a Gp?Also do you think if i work hard i could become one, as a younger child i was very interested in anatomy so i know a fair bit about the body and how it workds
Answer:
You will have to have excellent grades to go on and take A'levels. These are best taken in Science, Bilogy, Chemistry Etc. You dont actually train to become a GP by any mean quickly. You will have to go to medical school and spend about 7 years there and working as a SHO (Senior House Officer) After this you need to work for about 3-4 years gaining experience and deciding on a speciality, if you then decide you want to be a GP you have to work for many more years to gain the knowledge needed (5-7 years). So all in all it will take about 20 Years, this is why GP's are generally much older than doctors in hospitals. If you work hard of course you can do it, if i were you though i would take one step at a time, think about GCSE's first then go from there.

STUDY, STUDY, STUDY. IT TOOK ME 23 YEARS STARTING WITH FIRST GRADE TO BECOME A DENTIST. AND YOU WILL NEED ALL A's TO BECOME A PHYSICIAN (DOCTOR).

GP's versus Nurses?

2009-11-07T06:50:00.001-08:00

On the radio this week it was reported that GP's earn 拢100 thousand a year plus and Nurses in some hospitals and being ask to work some shifts for no pay cos the NHS cannot afford to pay them, Isnt it time we got our prioritys right
Answer:
It's just this kind of inequality that is causing so many nurses to leave the field and hence the nursing shortage. Nurses deserve better pay for the jobs they do!

its illegal to have somebody work for no pay... they use to do that in america, but they abolished slavery decades ago...

Ha! I am not surprised! Our nursing managers will try and get away with anything if you let them! Be interesting to know what, if anthing, our useless unions have to say about this...

i agree

Full time.

I hope the Democrats who are so in love with socialized medicine read this.

I am a male nurse working in a small country and the conditions are the same. It is not fair , after, all a nurse works with patients much more then a doctor. Here doctors are like Gods. If you need a picture for your passport it has to be signed by a doctor. And yes the managers are pretty nasty a few weeks ago I needed to take urgent vacation leave to attend to one of my children at school and I refused to say why I needed it. The next think I know I have been accused of gross negligence and had to appear in front of a public service commission. Its like in court with witnesses taking oaths and so on. That makes me very unhappy as I am with all the stress the job gives.

Good medical websites?

2009-11-07T06:50:00.000-08:00

Anyone know of easy to navigate, professional websites for medical information, especially pregnancy/postpartum? I鈥檓 looking for medical info, NOT parenting. Thanks.
Answer:
webmd.com

www.webmd.com is definitely the place to go

webmd.com

Try this one:
Medline Plus
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pregn...

going for surgery..need anesthesia? how does it work?

2009-11-07T06:49:00.000-08:00

kinda scared to have to use anesthesia. hows it work? like, what do you feel? any stories or experiences? thanks..
Answer:
1. you'll get an intravenous catheter inserted, and they'll at first just be infusing some clear fluid with electrolytes in it- kind of like iv gatorade, to compensate for the fact that you've had nothing to eat or drink since midnight. no medications given at this point unless you're very nervous- then they can give you an iv sedative called versed, or midazolam.2. when you get transported to the operating room, the anesthesiologist will attach his routine monitors- bp cuff, ekg heart monitor, and pulse oximeter (clip with a shiny red light) on your finger. then you'll breath oxygen through a mask while medication is injected into your intravenous that will put you to sleep in about 10 seconds. that medication is called propofol. it's white and it may cause some irritation in the iv site, but that doesn't last long.3. you will be kept asleep using a combination of inhaled as well as intravenous medications. at the conclusion of surgery, these medications are all turned off and you'll gradually regain consciousness. that usually takes about 1 hour.4. even though our anesthetics wear off pretty quickly, the pain medications can last longer- and that's obviously a good thing. we don't want you to be in pain. the pain medications can have sedative side effects, so depending on how painful the surgery is, you may remain somewhat sleepy even after an hour.5. post-op nausea is the single most common side effect after an anesthetic. incidence is approximately 25% if you do get nauseous, you'll receive an iv anti-nausea medication in the recovery room.6. other than nausea, there's very little to worry about in terms of the anesthetic. modern anesthesia is very safe, and catastrophic or life-threatening risks are exceedingly rare.

YOU DONT FEEL ANYTHING IF ITS LOCAL ANAESTHESIA YOU WILL BE AWAKE BUT WONT FEEL A THING IF ITS GLOBAL YOU WILL SLEEP ONLY TO WAKE UP AND SEE YOUR STITCHES WHEREVER YOU GOT OPERATED .SO CHILL IT TOTALLY SUPRESS YOU NERVOUR RESPONSE SO THE PAIN SIGNALS FROM THE NERVES DONT REACH YOUR BRAIN

When I had surgery, They gave me Versed to begin with and I don't remember anything until 6 hours later when I woke up in my room!General Anesthesia is medication that basically puts you in a deep sleep, if it is done correctly. I had a nerve block ( a needle with medication inserted above the surgical spot that deadends the nerve) done also for a knuckle surgery, I didn't feel anything but some tugs and pull, but when the block wore off, it felt like my arm was asleep( like when you set on your foot and you get that tingling hurt feeling) magnified by 200. Good Luck!

I just underwent surgery with general anesthesia. You go to sleep and then you wake up, that's it. I woke up and thought that nothing had been done.

Depends on whether it's inhaled or injected.Inhaled: This works relatively slowly (takes a minute or two). You will drift from being awake to being really fogged up (like when really, really sleepy or drunk) and then pass out. Then you don't know anything till you wake up.Injected: Fast. For a few seconds you don't feel anything, then you immediately pass out.

They told me I'd first lose control of my eyes. I thought that was interesting and I tried to fight it, but it was a losing battle and I didn't really care at that point. They talk to you and you babble back. It may make sense to you at the time but they've heard it all and realize it doesn't really mean anything except to indicate how far under you've gotten. So don't worry about embarrassing yourself by this. It isn't like being hypnotized and told to act like you're a chicken or anything like that. It's just a strange way of falling asleep and there really isn't much if any anxiety about it. If you try to hold on, it gets to be too much work so you let it slip away.When you first wake up, you may say something but it may be limited to how you hurt. You won't remember it and then you'll fall asleep again. Then you wake up and your eyes feel all gummy. You remember from here on. A nurse will wipe off the lubricant they put on your eyes to keep them moist.They may offer you a cup of soda and you'll probably want it because they had a tube down your throat, leaving it sore. If you remember, ask if you can have a cup of ice chips to suck on. Sweet soda only helps you puke, and you'll probably be queasy afterward for several hours.If they have you on an IV before you go in to surgery, you'll notice that arm and hand will get puffy. That's normal. Also, don't hesitate to ask a nurse to go and pee. The IV does that, too. They prefer it because otherwise you'll empty yourself on the operating table. It happens, but while you're still awake you might as well be comfortable.It wasn't really bad the old way, either--back when they put a wire mesh mask covered with gauze over your mouth and nose and dripped ether on it. Although it was definitely a fire hazard and you always puked when you came out.Nothing to it, though. Once you start to go south, before you lose control entirely, you can even make a verbal pass at a pretty nurse or a handsome doctor and they'll just think it's the drugs. So you can get away with murder for about ten seconds. I'm sure they like a happy patient anyway.

There are different types of anesthesia. Depending on your procedure, you may not have to be put to sleep. The "how does it work?" question would lead to a complicated answer involving transport of sodium across nerve cell membranes - you probably don't care about that. General anesthesia is a drug-induced state of unconsciousness. If you do have general anesthesia, here is what happens:You'll need an i.v., which is usually started by nurses in the pre-op area. If you're nervous, ask for some sedation. Once all the paperwork is signed, there should be no problem with having a little something to take the edge off.You go to the OR (in surgicenters, we usually have patients walk to the OR; in hospitals, we wheel them in on a stretcher), have some monitors attached (blood pressure, EKG and oxygen monitor clip) and have you breathe some oxygen through a mask. If the mask scares you, let your anesthesiologist know - we can do other things to get you some extra oxygen. If you didn't get sedation pre-op, you'll get a slug of it in the OR. You may or may not remember going off to sleep. We inject medicine into the i.v., and you drift off to sleep in a few seconds.After you go to sleep, we have to make sure you breathe. Many times, a breathing tube is inserted into your windpipe and you go on a ventilator. Sometimes we use a mask and let you breathe on your own. It depends on the surgery, surgeon and patient.After you are asleep, we keep you unconscious with gas. It's easy to make changes in the amount of anesthesia with gas - we can turn it up and down to balance how much the surgeon is bothering you. We also give pain medications, and sometimes we paralyze your muscles to make it easier for the surgeon to do his/her thing. Every case is different, so every anesthetic is different.At the end, we turn off the gas, and you wake up. You should get medicine to prevent nausea, and enough of the pain medicine should be in your system to keep you relatively comfortable. If you are nauseated or in pain when you wake up, tell your recovery nurse and you'll get more medicine to fix the problem.If you are having surgery on the lower half of your body, consider a spinal. It sounds a lot scarier than it is. A spinal is an injection in your back, into the sac of fluid below where your spinal cord ends. It makes you unable to feel anything from about the waist down. We can then sedate you so you don't care what's going on. If you DO want to know what's going on (some people like to watch knee arthroscopy, for example) you can have your surgeon tell you what is found and what he/she does.People who have spinals feel a lot better in recovery than people who have had generals. But both do well.I have hundreds of stories, but there isn't room for them here.

Gluose levels after strenuous exercise?

2009-11-07T06:48:00.001-08:00

Does anyone know what happens to blood glucose levels after strenuous exercise. If the levels change what are the reasons for the change?
thanks
Answer:
Glucose levels become lower after exercise - this is because the glucose in your body (which is converted to insulin) is then converted into energy and used. The more exercise you do, the more glucose and energy stores you use. This in course lowers your blood sugar levels.

I'm guessing glucose levels will be lower after strenuous exercise since sugar in our bodies is what gives us energy. If you're using up a lot of energy by exercising, I would think that there will be less sugar (glucose).

burned at least at 15 min

Hi. Glucose is used up to make energy for the contraction of muscles (and other things) so it may drop until your body stabilizes. Diabetics have a different problem with the stabilization due to insulin use.

Glucosamine causing breathlessness?

2009-11-07T06:48:00.000-08:00

can anyone tell me if they have experienced breathlessness as a result of taking glucosamine tablets?
Answer:
Glucosamine is a dietry supplement recommended for the health of joints. It is said to improve the quality of cartilage and is recommended for osteoarthitis. There are some good studies that support its use. I took it myself ('til my large cheap supply bought in America ran out!)It is a dietry supplement, not a drug, and is a safe agent, hence the fact that you can buy it easily in Tescos. The only way in which it could cause breathlessness is if you happen to be allergic - however the chances of this are remotely small.If you have become short of breath, it is important to consider another cause. If you have had recent onset of breathing difficulties, you need to consider seeing your doctor, so that a correct diagnosis can be made.Hope your breathing has improved by the time you read this.

Hi, I've been taking Glucosamine + Chondroitin for about 8 months and haven't experienced any breathlessness - I'm surprised at this question because this medication is allegedly homoeopathic and does not contain any chemicals. Can I suggest having a word with your doc. - and remember everyone reacts differently to different medications.
cheers Morsel

ive been taking cod liver oil with glucosamine for over a year now, i take it because ive had back surgery and am left with chronic pain. i find myself not as stiff when i take these tablets, i definitely know my body is benefiting from them because if i forget to take them my joints start to get stiff, havnt had any side effects but then again everybody acts differently to medication.
go to your doctor, there could be another simple explanation for your breathlessness - good luck

I have had a look into the reported side effects for you and breathlessness is not reported as one of them (nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea etc have been). However - are you allergic to seafood? Most sources of glucosamine are from shell fish and you could be having an allergic reaction?To say its a food supplement and is therefore safe is a common misconception!! Most medications used today are derived from plant sources and often interact with other medicatin or cause side effects. The reason you can buy them off the shelf is because they have no product license - thats why they cannot 'claim' to help with the things they are often used for..

glibenclamide?

2009-11-07T06:47:00.001-08:00

i want to know the literature review of glibenclamide .Is it is useful only to the patients who are unable to take the insulin ?
Answer:
It is called glyburide in the US. It is used as an adjunct to diet to lower the blood glucose in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type II) whose hyperglycemia cannot be satisfactorily controlled by diet alone.Glibenclamide (INN), also known as glyburide (USAN), is an anti-diabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas, used in the treatment of type II diabetes. The drug works by inhibiting ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells. This inhibition causes cell membrane depolarization, opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels, thus triggering an increase in intracellular calcium into the beta cell which stimulates insulin release. It is sold in doses of 1.25mg, 2.5mg and 5mg, under the trade names Diabeta庐, Glynase庐 and Micronase庐 in the United States and Daonil庐, Semi-Daonil庐 and Euglucon庐 in the United Kingdom.It is also sold in combination with metformin under the trade name Glucovance庐.My question to you is why would somebody be unable to use insulin? Insulin is a naturally occuring hormone produced by the pancreas. With the newer human insulins available today, no one should be unable to use insulin.Hope this helps.Rick the Pharmacist

Here is one source of INFO...http://www.sopharma.com/glibenclamide.ph...
but if you want more..just put in your search engine "glibenclamide ", and you are gonna have more sites with info.Good luck.

glaucoma??????

2009-11-07T06:47:00.000-08:00

my doctor told me i might have glaucoma due to my eye examinations.. but im just curious... when you have glaucoma is your eye sort of red [due to veins] around the iris?
Answer:
my doctor checked my eyes for glaucoma only after seeing my eyes were red, and my eye lids were a bit swollen and did not show any fold. The best way to check if you have glaucoma, to have your eyes pressure checked. it does not hurt a bit and it just takes a while to know if your pressure is indeed high or low.

Yes. Eye becomes red more around cornea called circum corneal congestion.Glaucoma has been nicknamed "the sneak thief of sight

Glaucoma is a disease in which the optic nerve (the vision nerve) dies off slowly over time. There are many causes of glaucoma, but for many people it is related to high eye pressure. However, at least 30% of people with glaucoma have normal eye pressure.There is no one test that can definitely make the diagnosis of glaucoma. The diagnosis is made by looking carefully at the optic nerve (done by your doctor with special lenses), checking eye pressure, looking at the eye's internal drainage structures, and carefully measuring your peripheral vision.95% of glaucoma has no symptoms at all -- no pain, no noticable vision loss until very late in the disease, no redness, no swelling. This is very important to understand. Most eye diseases that cause symptoms are not glaucoma.Certain less common types of glaucoma could cause a red eye, these are rare and usually associated with very high eye pressure, pain, and markedly decreased vision. These cases are more dramatic, and there would be no question in your doctor's mind what is going on.

If glaucoma is detected in the early stages, it is usually treated by eye drops.But when it is advanced both laser and conventional surgery are used to treat glaucoma depending on the type of glaucoma .More details and information at http://eye-care.in/glaucoma.html...

If your doctor said that you might have glaucoma, then you need to have further tests for optic nerve damage.Or if you have a high IOP with no optic nerve damage, then you may be a glaucoma suspectYou may need eye drops in either case.Did your doctor mention what is your IOP?

glasses have degrees, optics...whatever?

2009-11-07T06:46:00.001-08:00

How should you ask someone if you wanna know the degree..optics, whatever (that's why I asked the question) of the g;lasses that they're wearing. For example, my right eye is 450 and my left eye is 400.Do I say... what are the optics of your glasses? or what are the degrees of your glasses?
Answer:
Glasses have prescriptions - you ask someone what the prescription is for their glasses

the power of the lenses are 4.00 and 4.50 dioptersyou can ask what is the power of your lenses, or ask how many diopters are those lenses

Giving medication at regular intervals?

2009-11-07T06:46:00.000-08:00

There is something that I have always wondered about giving medication at regular intervals. If you are told to give 4 doses daily of ibuprofen, for example, do you split the WHOLE 24 hours into 4, or do you only split the hours for which you are awake into 4?Example - I need to give my daughter calpol 4 times a day at regular intervals - so does that mean administering te medication at 3am, 9am, 3pm and 9pm (meaning i wake her up at 3am) or do i discount her sleeping time and split the following time period into 4 (8am - 9pm)?I really hope this question makes sense - my daughter is very sick, i took her to doc but forgot to ask this vital question!
Answer:
Don't feel bad about forgetting to ask the doctor. I've done it.Here's a tip. Buy a pack of index cards. Before a visit to the dr, write your questions down. Most doctors will see you are prepared, and will gladly take the time to answer them.Back to the subject, I would suggest you call the dr Mon morning, and explain your dilemma. You are asking a very intelligent question.--don't be bashful. People have asked dumber questions.
Monday--MAKE THAT CALL!!

Sounds like misery.

yeah do people ever read the directions??
she clearly doesn't
it will say a maximum dosage per day
and to wake your child just for a non life dependant med is plain cruel

I would be inclined to wake her at the 3am time - that way she has even cover throughout the 24 hours. Perhaps most wouldn't do that, but my eldest had febrile convulsions as a child, so any spike in temp was potentially going to trigger a seizure.
If it was an antibiotic, I would split the waking hours and dose accordingly - i.e. 8am 12noon 4pm and 8pm.
Hope that helps.

Four times a day in this case would be early morning-7A.M., 12- noon, early evening-5 P.M. and night, about 10 P.M. that would be four well spaced out times that does not have to mess to much with sleep time.

For something like antibiotics, it's important to give it on the timed schedule... for motrin or something, just skip the missed dose, son't give to her more often than every 6 hours. If she tends to wake in the night, you can give her that dose... otherwise, it's not a big deal.Sure hope your daughter feels better soon!

discount the sleep time calpol should be given every 4 hours mininum in waking hours
only give if nessary as can cause medcail problems
hope this helps and she gets better soon

Any kind of medication should really be split into the 24 hour time period, but unless the illness is life threatening, i.e. the child would be in hospital - most people split the waking hours.However if you little girl is very poorly her sleep will probably be disturbed when the medicine is due anyway and you may find her waking around that time, in which case give it to her then!

Go easy on the ibuprofen and calpol only use it only as needed to treat symptoms, such as pain and fever. Only use it if you child has a temperture over 100, or complains of pain. It only reduces pain and temperature. Ice water also works to lower temperature. Teas, soups, warm water, vapor rubs and throat drops can help reduce pain and congestion. Make sure she gets plenty of liquid and sleep. Pills do not make people healthy, fruits and vegtables do.
"Warning!Different preparations of Calpol are suitable for children of different ages. Make sure you use the correct preparation and dose for your child. Calpol fastmelts and six plus suspension are not suitable for children under six years of age. Do not exceed the dose stated in the information leaflet supplied with the medicine.
This medicine must not be given with any other paracetamol containing products.
An overdose of paracetamol is dangerous and capable of causing serious damage to the liver and kidneys. You should never exceed the dose stated in the information leaflet supplied with the medicine. Immediate medical advice should be sought in the event of an overdose with this medicine, even if your child seems well, because of the risk of delayed, serious liver damage.
If symptoms persist consult your doctor.
Use with caution in
Decreased kidney function
Decreased liver function
Not to be used in
Known sensitivity or allergy to any ingredient.
Calpol fastmelts contain phenylalanine and should not be given to children with an inherited disorder of protein metabolism called phenylketonuria.
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.Pregnancy and BreastfeedingCertain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby. Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
There are no known harmful effects when this medicine is used during pregnancy.
Small amounts of this medicine may pass into breast milk, however there are no known harmful effects when it is used by breastfeeding mothers.
Label warnings
Do not give this medication with any other products containing paracetamol.
Refer to the printed instructions for maximum daily intake.
Side effectsMedicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect.
Skin rash
Calpol fastmelts may have a mild laxative effect.
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the drug's manufacturer.For more information about any other possible risks associated with this medicine, please read the information provided with the medicine or consult your doctor or pharmacist.How can this medicine affect other medicines?You should not give your child other medicines that contain paracetamol in combination with this medicine, as this can easily result in exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose of paracetamol. Many cold and flu remedies and over-the-counter painkillers contain paracetamol, so be sure to check the ingredients of any other medicines before giving them with this one.Cholestyramine reduces the absorption of paracetamol from the gut. It should not be taken within an hour of taking paracetamol or the effect of the paracetamol will be reduced.Metoclopramide and domperidone may increase the absorption of paracetamol from the gut.Long-term or regular use of paracetamol may increase the anti-blood-clotting effect of warfarin and other anticoagulant medicines, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of blood clotting times should be performed if paracetamol is used regularly with these medicines. This effect does not occur with occasional pain-killing doses.Other medicines containing the same active ingredientAlvedon suppositories Anadin paracetamol Disprol
Fennings children's cooling powders Hedex Infadrops
Lemsip childrens cold and flu blackcurrant Medinol Panadol
Paracets Perfalgan infusio"

4 times a day should be spread out as evenly as possible. You don't need to wake someone it the middle of the night.
If you wake up at 7am, take at 7am ,1pm ,6pm and 11pm.
Make it as close to very 6 hours as possible.

giving 500 mg of medication in 50 ml to infuse over 30 minutes using a 10 drops/ml set would result in?

2009-11-07T06:45:00.001-08:00

administration of --------- drops/min. 16.6/23/34.5/41.6
Answer:
In this case concentration is not needed. Just the volume, time and drip set.50 mL * 10 gtts/mL = 500 gtts500 gtts / 30 min = 16.67 gtts/min

You can't have an answer to this question unless you know the two substances you where mixing.

50ml in 30minutes = 1.66 ml/min=%26gt;at 10 drops/ml = 16.6 drops/min

Given that there are more than 70, 000 people on the...?

2009-11-07T06:45:00.000-08:00

organ donor waiting list, how do you believe the system of priority should be arranged (i.e. those who are more ill should get the first available organ first, or those who have been on the list longer?)
Answer:
There is a lot more to this than who's been on the list longest and who is sickest.The foremost concern is the organ a tissue match. This will actually eliminate a lot of people from the list. The second consideration needs to be the viability of the organ, they can only be kept viable for a certain period. If an organ can't be transported to a prospective recipient within the time alloted they need to be excluded.

after that, I believe next a formula needs to be devised that will assign a quantifiable value to each prospective recipient. This formula should take into account how sick someone is and the probability of a successful outcome, by using some measures of general health.After all putting an organ in the sickest person will not be the best option from a resource standpoint if the person is in generally poor health otherwise and most likely will not survive.By the way that is pretty much how it works now, except for some reason the rich and politically connected seem to be exempt from the normal process.

The most ill should be first. To this I raise a question, what support do you give to medicine to help these people. Blood is always needed, do you give? Just as important, and maybe more so, are you a Platelets donor?

I think that the most ill patient wiil have the organ..

Severity of illness/ condition is a priority factor for the current waiting list.

Unfortunately or fortunately, and I think rightfully so, the solid organ donor allocation is controlled by law in USA and the sickest (those closest to death) are first to receive a solid organ transplant, except live donor to recipient kidney transplants which are performed outside of the donor list.
Organ donors save lives, here is a link you may find interesting www.organdonor.gov, ro www.unos.org

Given a trillion neurons in the adult brain and can connect to any other, how many poss. conecs. can be made?

2009-11-07T06:44:00.000-08:00

Is this a permutation, a combination or what?
Answer:
Since you didn't state how many times a neuron can synapse with another neuron there can be an infinite number of connections. And in fact some neurons synapse with hundreds if not thousands of other neurons, but there are alot of neurons that synapse with only one or very few other neurons. As a general rule if the order doesn't matter it's a permutation, if it matters it's a combination. Given a set of numbers there are always more permutations than combinations. By the way, there are 100 billion neurons in the adult brain, with 10,000 trillions of connections and the brain has a reported maximum processing speed of 100 trillion transmissions per second.

It is a combination, not permuatation, but it's just so frickin huge it is beyond belief. Suffice it to say it's a hell of a lot more than the number of atoms in the universe (about 10^40).

This just like your computer memory chip !

The way you state the problem is a bit of a simplification. As you posed the problem, any neuron can connect to any other. In this case, if there are N neurons, there are N*N possible connections. For a trillion neurons (10^12) there are one septillion (10^24) possible connections. For scale 5*10^24 is roughly the mass of the earth in kg.In reality, it is not possible for any neuron to synapse with any other. Each neuron projects to a relatively small area and synapses with only neurons in that region. Neurons have on average 10,000 synapse each, so that yields 10^5 * 10^12 = 10^17 or one hundred quadrillion synapses.

give the different drugs that cause or contribute to abnormal heart rytms?

2009-11-07T06:42:00.000-08:00

give the different drugs that cause or contribute to abnormal heart rytms?
Answer:
some are 1) alcohol 2) monosodium glutamate or m.s.g. 3) ventolin in excessive dosage

heart disease, particularly coronary artery disease, heart valve disorders, and heart failure. Many drugs, prescription or nonprescription, can lead to arrhythmias.

Caffeine is a common one that may lead to arrhythmia's.
They sometimes occur naturally and drugs must be taken to stabilize them.

give some example of a medical application of Electromagnetic radiation...?

2009-11-07T06:41:00.001-08:00

Answer:
X-ray , CT scan.

NMR/MRI scans.

X rays, gamma ray sterilisation, computerised routers, pacemakers, cochlear implants %26 endoscopy/colonoscopy.

Please see the web page for more details on Electromagnetic radiation and Google search on it's medical applications.

UV light treatment for babies with jaundice.

give me tips with pictures for examinattion of abdomen?

2009-11-07T06:41:00.000-08:00

i am a medical student i need skills for diagnosis and managment of patients.
Answer:
I have used two websites preparing for the USMLE. One was the website suggested by the previous answerer, and the other one is this link to a video.http://www.conntutorials.com/video.html...Once you watched and read them try to find a willing person to practice on. :)

there you go
http://medicine.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/abd...
remeber that the more you practice the easier it gets. good luck

give me the details about lazer treatment for high myopia?

2009-11-07T06:40:00.002-08:00

i have high myopia. my contact lence power is -16
Answer:
i myself have undergone through dis procedure, in this using laser, they are just scraping or clicing off layer of cornea, there is no need for stiches, and no pain at all.. full vision in 48-72hours also, can go home after the procedure, i myself have driven home all alone.. no alteration to lens,

i had high myopia -8 just got my lasik done i am happy got perfect vision now thanks to my doc! its a simple 10 min procedure where the laser is used to change the shape[curvature] of a tiny part of the cornea, once the correct curvature is achieved the light focuses correctly on the retina and one can see perfect normal vision, i was told i may have dryness for several months but i was okay dint have any dryness. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.

Laser treatment for myopia reshapes the cornea. Although there are now new advances in this field, I don't think refractive or laser eye surgery is for you (or maybe enough) because of your very high degree.You may want to ask your ophthalmologist regarding Clear Lens Extraction (also called Refractive Lens Exchange).

give me reasons why I would choose to become a doctor someday. Is it worth it?

2009-11-07T06:40:00.001-08:00

Why is medicine a noble profession? How do they contribute to the society? Please give me answers!( I'm desperate!)
-thnx
Answer:
Not only is a doctor a job that is about saving people's lives but you make the world a better place. Now if you want to look at it from a financial stand point. Many jobs come and go like being in the oil business. One day maybe sometime soon we will run out of oil or stop using it. So then all of those people lose their jobs. But being a doctor, you never lose your job. People are always getting sick or hurt so they are always needing help from a medical authority. If you are a "people person" or you like making new friends and talking to people this would also be a great opportunity. You get to meet lots of new people and you get to be friends with your patients. I think that being in the medical field is a great job and has great points or things that you can do with it. Another point of the financial stand point is that doctors are paid generously. If anything above interests you I highly suggest you getting into the medical field. %26lt;3

because you have the joy of saving people's lives everyday and thats a reward withing itself.

People that go into medicine generally do so out of a love for the subject and desire to help people. If you don't have that chances are you will be an ineffective physician and should find another profession.

It doesn't sound like you're driven to become a Dr. on your own volition, so I'd say DON'T BECOME A DR! I only want the most talented, medicine loving people to be Drs. and you're not it. Sorry.

it is a noble profession if you are truly dedicated to your job and sincerely want to help your patients.

you can bilk the insurance co's out of a lot of money, then bill the patient for the rest. you can get all your drugs free, samples, you can own a house on the ocean and a 95' boat to go with it, you can get all the women you want, they come to you, lol.. i'll have to admit it 5% of them are real doctors and not just referral artist's.

I would say being a doctor is a good profession if you are a patient and compassionate person.

That is something you have to feel inside its a very very dedicated job and takes a special person to be awakened most nights and to be responsible for patients lives and to have to go to so many years of school. No one can tell you the reasons you have to have them or else your heading in the wrong job field and trust me its a hard career to get into so if your not dedicated you won't make it. My dad is a Radiologist and my brother is a dentist.

Mostly because you're a caring sort of person, but there's also public admiration, the variety, its well-paid and secure, its interesting, it involves life-long learning as medical techniques change, women would love to marry a doctor, etc.

hey, i'm a first year med student.before gettin admission i thought it was easy to become one.now i know that this a very difficult course,lots and lots to study.but when you go to the wards and see the respect that people give you eventhough you are just a student ,you really understand that it is worthwhile.her e you can save lives,thats more than enough a reason to get into this profession.if your interested comeon,join it.

I thought about this question.If you don't know or in doubt now. How could you be a great doctor later. If you don't know how important it is to be a doctor. I think you need to make of your mind. This is a decision you got to make. All you have to do is look all around you and see what it means to be in that field.hopes this helps.

Besides all the obvious aspects of becoming a physician, for me there are a couple of other "perks" to the profession. First off, your voice will be heard, if you would like to do research towards discovering new treatments, cures, procedures etc, becoming a physician will grant you the ability to do such. Also physicians can travel the world helping those in dire need. I know a surgeon that travels 3 times a year to different third world nations to do maxillofacial surgery on the poor. This surgery is greatly important because individuals can't eat with a deformed cleft pallet. Another friend of mine also works summers at a camp with children suffering from a terminal disease, the camp can't exist without the physicians on staff. On a more local perspective you can also donate time or work for a circuit of clinics that will allow you to care for the most underserved communities in your area.

If Hillary's health care or any other form of socialized medicine goes through, both medical care and the economy are kaput. In that case, it is not worth all the years of training and school for nothing. I am glad I am retired. The trial lawyers have run OB doctors out of the field.

You don't have to be special "type" to be a doctor. There are so many specialties in medicine, there is literally a place for anyone.
The previous answers are all based on stereotypes.
I am a doctor. Been one for 30 years. I prefer a practice where I see many patients and have little business responsibilities.
Some doctors are better at the business end. Some don't see patients at all. Caring and compassion have little to do with it.
Any profession requires hard work, dedication and integrity (except of course the legal profession- just kidding)
There is still a certain amount of societal respect for physicians, but even this has waned in recent years.
So don't go for the glory, the money or anything.
But medicine is the best combination of art and science I can think of.
There is a lot of self-satisfaction and a degree that is yours forever.
Good luck

Give me a simple definition of astigmatism?

2009-11-07T06:40:00.000-08:00

Answer:
A refractive defect of a lens or other optical system that prevents light rays from converging at a single point, resulting in a blurred or imperfect image.
A visual defect in which the unequal curvature of one or more refractive surfaces of the eye, usually the cornea, prevents light rays from focusing clearly at one point on the retina, resulting in blurred vision.

Astigmatism is a vision condition that occurs when the front surface of your eye, the cornea, is slightly irregular in shape. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing properly on the back of your eye, the retina. As a result, your vision may be blurred at all distances.

a distortion of the image on the retina caused by irregularities in the cornea or lens:))

Astigmatism is the result of an inability of the cornea to properly focus an image onto the retina. The result is a blurred image.

a defect of an optical system (as of the eye) that prevents light from focusing accurately and results in a blurred image or unclear vision

Get the right definition, go to WEBMD!

As a sufferer of this eyesite problem,it's been explained to
me that this is condition caused by irregularities in the
thickness of the lens of the eye.Much like looking through
a glass of water.
Prior to the days of laser surgery,I've been told that this
problem was not curable,only correctable.
With the advent of this type of surgery that situation has been pretty much eliminated.

1. A condition of unequal curvatures along the different meridians in one or more of the refractive surfaces (cornea, anterior or posterior surface of the lens) of the eye, in consequence of which the rays from a luminous point are not focused at a single point on the retina.
2. A lens or optical system having different refractivity in different meridians.

Abnormal curvature of the cornea or the front or back of the lens of the eye. This results in the eye's inability to focus sharply.

Ginkgo biloba, How long before I see it working?

2009-11-07T06:39:00.003-08:00

Ive started taking these Ginkgo biloba 60mg tablets once a day today im 20 yrs old, How long do you think it will take for me to start seeing results in my brain function
Answer:
You should notice a difference nearly immediately (maybe after 15 minutes). Upon taking Ginkgo Biloba, the brain receives more blood and oxygen. If you take one tablet daily, your memory and concentration will temporarily be enhanced. Of course you will only notice difference when you try to concentrate fiercely on one subject such as memorizing things or deep concentration required skills. When one frequently consumes Ginkgo Biloba, he may also conserve better brain health. The chance one ends up with Alzheimer's becomes smaller.If you experience any negative side effects, you should quit taking it immediately.

I one heard
"if you can rember to take Ginkgo then you dont need it"

Ginkgo biloba products with 24.0% standardization of ginkgolides. (Could also be listed as ginkgo flavonoids or flavone glycosides.) Take 120 milligrams a day in divided doses with food.Seek the advice of your health care practitioner if you are taking Coumadin or any other blood-thinning medication such as low-dose aspirin therapy.

Ginkgo Biloba has been shown to slightly improve the mental functions such as memory of healthy young individuals after 6 to 8 weeks but only at doses of 180-240mg or more.If you want a noticeable and instant improvement try nicotine patches or nicotine gum. goto the links below for more info!!

Gift for someone who is pre-med?

2009-11-07T06:39:00.002-08:00

I want to get my bf a gift and he's pre-med. Does anyone know of any online stores with interesting gifts that might interest someone going into medicine?
Answer:
ok i'm a first year med student and the last thing i would want before i started med school is an anatomy book or a stethoscope (mainly because i wouldnt know how to use either). Besides you wouldnt know which book to get (Netter's if you do decide on that) or what kind of stethoscope (a high dollar one if he is gonna be a cardiologist). Get him something interesting that he will enjoy like a book on medical school or the First Aid for USMLE Step 1 (he will be buying it anyway and theres only one). Some good books about med school and beyond: House of God by Samuel Shem, The year of the intern by Robin Cook, On Call by Emily Transue, Kill as few patients as possible by Oscar London, or Becoming a Doctor by Melvin Konner. The First Aid book is something every med student buys because it is our bible of the first 2 years.Edit: Two books my wife bought me (which your boyfriend wont understand or care about yet but will after his first semester) were The medical science of House, MD by Andrew Holtz and Stiff by Mary Roach. Stiff is really cool but wont mean much to him until he gets into gross anatomy and starts cutting somebody up.

I suggest going to amazon.com and buying them a really good anatomy book.

stethascope

If you buy a stethescope make sure it is a littmanns (littmanns classic 2 is awesome, he's not going to need a specialist one for years! And even if he doesn't know how to use it he soon will and they are great fun to practice with- think role playing)! A palm pilot if you have more money, a holiday before his study starts. A good pair of comfy shoes! A good watch with a seconds hand. Some shirts and ties. A nice pen- black ink. Hope this helps.

genu recurvatum?

2009-11-07T06:39:00.001-08:00

can someone explain to me what this is ,and does it relate to central nervous system
Answer:
Genu recurvatum refers to a knee that is hyperextendable. By itself, it has nothing to do with the central nervous system. However, there are congenital syndromes (for example, Van Haldergem syndrome and spinocerebellar ataxia-dysmorphism syndrome) that are identified by findings such as genu recurvatum and central nervous system defects.

Genu recurvatum is a term used to describe a bowing of the knees or hyperextension of the knee joint with backwardly rounded shin (tibia) bones. It has nothing to do with the CNS. Hope this helps

genome debate?

2009-11-07T06:39:00.000-08:00

i need some helpful website about race-based medicine.
i am argueing that doctors are not being a racist for prescribing different dosage of medicine to different ethnic background.
Answer:
search for the human genome project, you'll find plenty

go 2 www.hi.com

So long as the doctor is evaluating the entire patient, identifying genetic predispositions in prescrbing patterns is no more or less racist than advising fair-skinned patients to get less sun.

There was an extraoridinary study in the journal Science back in 2002, called "Genetic Structure of Human Populations" from Marcus Feldmen's group up at Stanford. This study explicitly addresses your question through the implications of its findings, however it is very advanced. It comes down to the fact that for epidemiological studies aimed at determining who in the population a particular drug works for, self-reported ancestry can be a useful parameter to address.
PS Science is the premier US journal for scholarly research articles in the sciences and one of the top two in the world.

genetics and race ?

2009-11-07T06:38:00.003-08:00

is it currently possible that a sample of genetic material from a person could be used to show what the race of the person was with out seeing the person. further more if this is possible could drugs be made or chemicals whatever that would only affect one race. such as a biological aqent that is realesed into the air and then in a crowd of all different people only people of one tribe race would be affected. this could be a cure or it could sadly be a weapon . how far out is this idea ? is this idea something that could now or at one point happen. . do you think anyone else ie some goverment is working on such an idea. please feel free to
tell me what you know and think about all of this . thank you .
Answer:
Given a large enough database of genetic markers, it seems likely that you could guess the race of an individual from their genetic code.As to a drug ONLY effecting one race, that seems much too advanced for what modern medicine is able to do. There ARE drugs that work better in one race, like BiDil works better in black populations that white populations. Given that we all share nearly all the same genetic material, it seems that to create a drug that only effects a single race, you'd need to find some way in which a given race has a different structure that all other races (and even though diseases like sickle-cell anemia are more common among black populations, the 'defective' blood cell is hardly present in all black people (remember this blood cell is only defective now that some blacks are not living in tropical areas where malaria is rampant)).

Yes Genetic material can be used to trace raceYes certain medicences already work for certain races and not others or not as well for othersYes already this has been used in warfare

not DNA -- but mitochondrial DNA can tell who your mother and mother's mother is... this can help to pin-point where your ancestors came from.shocking to some people that we are not all that different one race to another when you look deep into the cells.

hi from the human genome project its found out that human has 30-35,000 genes from which we have to find out the function of each and every gene if its done then the human population can be an healthy one without any congenital deformities,less mortality rate and a greater life expectancy.
well we can also find out our ancestors,the ethnic groups from which we are here today.who knows man we may even find out who is the decendant of genghis khan or hitler one day.
hope it happens in the near future.

Yes it is possible to determine race via DNA. If I am not mistaken, there are already drugs that affect different races better than others, but I don't know about any drugs affecting ONLY a particular race. There are diseases that are race specific, or at least predominately race specific (sickle-cell anemia in Africans/African-Americans).

Genetically Modified Food?

2009-11-07T06:38:00.002-08:00

Hey, I'm researching for an oral I have to give soon, and am wanting a "shock" opening, or interesting start, to engage my audience.Thankyou so much for your assistance!
Answer:
Genetically modified food is chemically modified,environmentally modified and commercially modified. In the USA regulation of a genetically modified food is determined by the objective characteristics of the food and the intended use of the food, irrespective of the way it was developed. FDA policy states that a formal pre-market review by the FDA is to be taken when the objective characteristics of any substance added to the food raises issues of safety.Prior to marketing a new GM food product, manufacturers are required to submit documentation to the FDA to demonstrate its safety and then await approval before selling it to consumers.Critics of GM food believe this regulatory model fails to sufficiently protect consumers and claim that the FDA is subject to pressure and influence by industry. One concern voiced is that a novel crop may have unintended changes created during the insertion of new genetic material. On the other hand, plant scientists, backed by results of modern comprehensive profiling of crop composition, point out that crops modified using GM techniques are less likely to have unintended changes than are conventionally bred crops.Genetically modified food can be engineered to perfect safety by ethical codes.

How's this for Shocking, I don't Think it is Terribly Dangerous, Whereas I Think Ionizing Radiation Might Well Be.

genetic manipulation?

2009-11-07T06:38:00.001-08:00

can we alter our genetics to look different with currant medical technology
Answer:
yes u can. This may because of mutation of certain genes expression.
we can't fully modify our gene here after (after birth).
But we can modify our next generations gene before birth. Manipulation of embriyo is the best way.

i thinkk we can. i believe soon parents will be able to choose what they most prefer on their child

I know that's something scientists are working on but I don't think they're quite there yet. I think it would be used on unborn baby with genetics defects though, not some couple who wants their baby to have blond hair and blue eyes etc

I think we are pretty much there scientifically however we are not able to do it yet.too many ethics arguements regarding it right now

current technologies allow you to alter some characteristics (eye colour...) but to really mess up your genetical programing, you need DNA protein (the "language" used by your DNA to reproduce).
Now this not supposed to happen, nature prevents it in most cases (except some insects...).
But I guess that within a few years, we will be able to tell DNA what we want it to do even after the subject has reached maturity, allowing you to grow wings, if you want to.

Generic Prozac Work ?

2009-11-07T06:38:00.000-08:00

Does generic prozac work as well as the brand name? Please post good %26 bad experiences with it. I have done reseach online %26 all I find is ppl having bad experiences with generic Prozac? I am switching from Effexor XR to Generic Prozac for insurance reasons. Please Post all experiences. Thanks :)
Answer:
I agree with the above answers. I took generic Prozac for 4 years and had no side effects that I could notice. But after 4 years it stopped working for me so I was switched to a similar antidepressant.

Generic drugs are the exact same chemicals as the brand name - the only difference is the brand name. Pharm. companies get something like 2-3 years of exclusive control over the drug (in the USA). During this time they do their advertising blitz to burn the brand name into your mind.After this time is up, other companies are allowed to manufacture and sell the exact same drug under a different name. By this time, however, everyone associates the drug with the brand, so people worry about generics not being the same.If people are having a bad experience, it might be a bad batch, something bad that would happen with any brand of the drug, or a negative association with the non-brand name.My wife took a generic version, and she had no problems whatsoever.

Generic Prozac will work the exact same as brand-name Prozac. However, while Effexor and Prozac have a lot of similarities, they are the same class of meds, they are also different so Generic Prozac will be different from Effexor. You won't know if it works as well as Effexor for you until you give it a try. Generics are just as safe as brandnames and go through the exact same regulations, quality control etc.

For some people prozac does not work as well as Effexor XR. Generics should work the same as the name brand, but you're talking about switching to a whole different medication. I know I was on prozac for about 4 years %26 my system became immune to it so now I'm on Effexor XR since 2003 %26 it works great for depression %26 anxiety. Talk with your Doc about some help with the cost or another alternative.

generic for Diovan hct?

2009-11-07T06:37:00.003-08:00

Answer:
Diovan HCT has two ingredients: valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide.
Hydrochlorothiazide is available as generic; valsartan is not. In fact, no drug from the angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs, the group to which valsartan belongs) is currently available as generic. However, there are several medications that are similar to (but not the same as) valsartan that are available as generic: enalapril, lisinopril, captopril - from the ACEI (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) group.

Diovan HCT is Diovan combined with hydrochlorothiazide. You might try Hyzaar, which is Cozaar combined with hydrochlorothiazide. They're both ARBs (angiotensin-II receptor blockers).

generally, how long does food stay in the stomach?

2009-11-07T06:37:00.002-08:00

how long does food take to digest?
Answer:
based on available evidence, solid foods with high fat content (like bacon and eggs) would take 8 hours to clear. clear liquids like water would take 4 hours to pass thru.however, it should be pointed out that these numbers are NOT based on good studies. do you remember that story about general beaumont? he was a civil war doctor who was able to study digestion because he had a patient that survived an exposed abdominal wound which allowed him to look directly into the patient's stomach. well, these numbers are based on that one patient! but again, those are the only estimates available to us currently.

about 8 hours

69 days

food stays i the stomache for about 3 hours, The food then moves into a tube called the small intestine then the large intestine. Food takes 10 to 20 hours to pass through the body.
this is a fact

i was taught at skl that it takes 24hrs to get out of ur system- but how comes after a big meal we hav to poo.
tis very weird
i wud say myself that it takes about 12hrs.

depends on the food-----some foods that are in a liquid state,go through very fast because they don't have to be broken down as much.Also when you have a barium series on an empty stomach,the barium wiill leave the stomach within 1-2 minutes.

3 to 3 hrs in stomach
6 to 8 hrs for digestion.

it stays in the stomach for 2 hours and then in the intestine for another 2 hours. the undigested food goes to the large intestine and the digested food goes to whole body through blood.

Carbhydrates and proteins about 1 1/2 -2 hrs. Fats 2 hrs.

All food processes through the stomach at the same approximate rate, 1.2 liters per hour. It does not matter whether it is liquid or solid, protien or carb. The stomach does not actually digest the food, that is done in the small intestine. The stomach merely finishes the job that your mouth starts, mashing the food into a digestible paste.

I Used to Use a Rule of Thumb of About 1 Hour for an Orally Administered Med. to Start to Have Effect, As Far as Stomach Emptying is Concerned, It Depends On the Food, but Greater than 1 Hour.

the gastric emptying time is 6-8 hours

Some simple things (water and alcohol, for instance) are absorbed quite rapidly. A high-fat meal may churn around in your stomach for 3 or 4 hours before transiting to the duodenum. Total transit time from stem to stern is quite variable, but averages 3-5 days.

Generally, how dangerous is open heart surgery?

2009-11-07T06:37:00.001-08:00

On average what are the real risks and survival risks of having your heart operated on?i have a friend being operated on soon. I dont know the details, but i know it's somewhat major.So i a was just wonderingthankslet me put it this way:she is 16 and pretty small. only about 5'1".
I forgot what exactly is wrong, but it has to do with her heart.
Answer:
It all depends that what kind of disese she is suffering from, what kind of operations is planned , the expertise of the operating surgeon and the results of that particular center where the surgery is being performed
But since she has been adivised cardiac surgery this meansthat other options are either not working or exhausted so go for it
And meeting and interacting with some body who underwent this procedure will clarify your queries

There are too many variables to tell you a straight out answer. Cardiac surgery is one of the roughest surgeries on the body, but it has continued to improve in its safety and efficacy. They have also made improvements in the recovery time of the patients.First you need to know what kind of surgery she is having. Is it valvular replacement? If so, why does the valve need replacing? Does she need a transplant? In very rare cases, some children could require by-pass surgery. Does she require surgery on the major blood vessels going into or out of her heart? Is this to correct a patent foramen ovale or ventricular septal defect?How severe is the disease?Does she have any other medical conditions? Diabetes? Neurological diseases? Collagen-vascular disorders?In general any procedure that requires bypass (stopping the heart, diverting the blood to a heart-lung machine, then returning the blood) carries a higher risk, and longer recovery.
Other factors include the experience of the surgeon with this procedure. Also the volume or number of times this surgery is performed at that institution has a big effect. (The larger the center with more procedure equals better outcome).Since you have insufficient information, it would be best for her to speak directly with her surgeon to determine the exact disease, the exact operation, and their estimate of the risk.

remember the story about the man who shot the apple off of his son's head?yeah

I have had bypass surgery and they have to stop your heart. The patiant is put on a heart/lung machine. Because the heart is under the sternum they have to cut it to get to the heart.
Though some surgeries/procedures are not as serious as others there are always chances of problems.
Best of luck to your friend. I hope she does well.

Obviously, it depends on the condition and the health of the patient, but for more routine procedures the risk of death in young people I would make a very rough estimate of around 1% (e.g. myectomy). For severe conditions it may be quite high, I would need more information to give a good answer.

Open heart surgery is ALWAYS considered MAJOR!! However, it does vary depending on your health in general.

general anaesthetic?

2009-11-07T06:37:00.000-08:00

Going in for surgery in a couple of weeks. Having gallbladder removed under general anaesthesia. I am not afraid at all of the surgery or the recovery, however, the last time I had surgery I awoke during the procedure and was completely terrified! I have since found out that Novocain does not work on me at all, where as Marcaine does. I know different drug families work in different ways, but which ones will work on me? Does anybody know what I should do? How do I make sure the anaesthetist understand this before surgery. I don't want to wake up again, it was the worst thing I have ever gone through!
Answer:
if you received local anesthetic (such as novocaine or marcaine), then you probably didn't receive a general anesthetic. you would have received IV sedation, and you fell asleep because the sedative made you sleepy, but that sleep is NOT the same as the sleep that would be induced with a general anesthetic. a general anesthetic is a state of unarousable sleep. the plane of sleep achieved by the sedation is a state of arousable sleep- meaning that loud noises might wake you up. in your case,it's likely that you were aroused from your sleep because the novocaine failed to keep you completely comfortable and the pain woke you up.definitely tell your anesthesiologist about that previous experience, but i can tell you right now that you need not be worried that it's going to happen again for this surgery. again, the type of anesthesia you will be receiving is totally different. also let your surgeon know that the marcaine worked better than the novocaine- surgeons frequently inject local anesthetics into the incisions to decrease post-op pain.

Anasthesiologists are specialized in finding just the right amount of paralytic and numbing drugs to keep patients asleep and not feeling a thing. Ask if you can speak to your anasthesiologist beforehand, and let him know what happened before, and what drugs do not work for you. This is most likely not going to happen again.
Good luck and get well!

Novocaine, marcaine, benzocaine, lidocaine, cocaine, and all of those other -caine drugs are local anesthetics, not general. Just make sure you tell the anesthesiologist any and all prescription drugs you are taking, because this may influence how much of the drug he needs to give you.

wow! * the same thing happened to my sister * the best thing i can tell you is to look it up on the internet and see which is best for you * my mom had to do the same thing for my sister because she had two knee surgerys and shes only 16 * when she woke up during the first surgery she was screaming and crying untill the rushed and gave her more sleeping stuff * good luck!

If, in fact, you woke up under general anesthesia, I would make sure that you take a copy of your operative records (including the anesthesia record) from that surgery with you when you meet with your anesthesia provider. (S)he can then review those records and avoid whatever medication didn't work well with you. I strongly suspect, however, that you were not under a general anesthesia when you woke up. You may have simply been sedated.

talk to your anesthesiologist about your previous experience...If you were under general the last time.. they will probably come up with a different plan..I have also had my gallbladder out...Did not wake during surgery.. and recovery was quick..
Good luck

Make sure you EMPHASISE the fact that you have woken up during surgury before and you are terrified it will happen again, have them go thru your medical records to see exactly what you were put under with at that time and what the circumstances were then so that it can be avoided this time around, anxiety about it won't help you either although it is totally understandable. As with all surguries you should have consults before the actual procedure with the vairious members of the team, the anethesesiologist included, just keep repeating the fact that you have woken up during surgury before and you want to be assured they take the proper precautions to prevent it this time.

gene therapy. for genetic based problems?

2009-11-07T06:36:00.002-08:00

once a chormasone that is the cause of the problem is found
regardless of the problem could be anything i am just interested in dyslexia myself . Does the identification of the chormasone mean that at some point in the not too distant future some sort of gentic treatment could cure the person ?
Also does the treatment if currently used for anything mean the person must be a child or a baby in the womb or could an adult get the same benifits from such a treatment.?
next how far off would you say this all is if it even seems possible now.?
I am interested in the hole thing all the possible things that could be treated but if you know about dyslexia as it relates to this please tell me about that too .
thank you very much .
Answer:
The trouble is that gene therapy doesn't last. Gene therapy is basically removing, correcting and replacing genes, then reinserting the corrected cells into the patient. The effects are temporary until new cells with the same original problem are produced.Gene therapy has been successful at treating some types of disorders such as melanoma where the chromosome mutations are limited to one particular gene (for melanoma, they create super T cells that fight and defeat the cancer). Dislexia would be one of those conditions that involves multiple mutations in multiple genes - an unlucky combination. Science is a long ways from gene therapies on multiple genes and a long ways away from overcoming the temporary nature of gene therapy. It basically works until the inserted cells die off.

If scientists could find the gene responsible for dyslexia, then it would be a candidate for gene therapy treatment. The way gene therapy works is by taking out the old "bad" gene and replacing it with a new gene on the DNA in the chromosome. The way the genetic material is inserted is by something called a vector. One of the most promising vectors for future use is a viral vector. This is because viruses are already programmed to insert genetic information into a cells DNA for its own use. Of course, scientists need to replace the viral DNA with the new beneficial DNA.Gene therapy has been successfully used to treat adult patients. In theory every genetic disorder can be treated. In reality, that task would involve finding every single gene for the genetic disorders and finding a safe, reliable way to insert new genetic material into the patients genome. Also, some diseases, like dyslexia, are thought to only be partially genetically based. It's possible that even if the gene were changed, the patient would still have the disorder due to their environmental influences.

gene therapy -- becoming a gene therapist?

2009-11-07T06:36:00.001-08:00

so as a freshman in high school i am taking sophmore bio and we are in gntics and ive become interested in gene therapy and want to become a gene therapy any websites that will help me or what classes i should take in college? and what schools are good to look in to?
Answer:
A good idea is get a solid footing in college. Once there, you might want to take biochemistry or molecular biology as a major. Do well, and you have 2 choices...well 3 I guess.
1. Apply to medical school as a MD/PhD candidate
2. Apple to medical school and become an MD
3. Apple to graduate school and get a PhD, and work with MDs doing researchGood luck!

I knew someone in college who wanted to be a genetic counselor, and she majored in genetics and psychology.

gallbladder surgery?

2009-11-07T06:36:00.000-08:00

what to know about gallbladder surgery and if anyone had it before and any helpfull info thank you
Answer:
When you have your gallbladder removed your body is going to change the way it digests food. Here is some information for you that I wish I had been given to me. Luckily for you I have done it for you and here is my story:I had my gallbladder removed and all my food went right through me. The reason this happens is that your liver produces bile (a green liquid substance that helps your body to digest fats). Once the liver produces the bile, it stores it in the gallbladder. When you eat a meal with fat in it, the gallbladder squirts out as much bile as your body needs to digest the fat from that meal. Your liver still produces bile regardless that you have had your gallbladder removed, however now it has no where to store the bile that it is producing. So what happens is, once the liver produces the bile it goes straight to your lower intestine and sits there in a pool. Once you eat a meal, it hits the pool of bile (which is more bile than is necessary to digest that meal) and you have diarhea.Being the research queen that I am, and doctors being as useless as they are (because no doctor was willing to acknowlege this problem or offer me advice, even though EVERYBODY I have ever talked to that has had their gallbladder out has had this problem), I have found the antidote.You must take Calcium suppliments every day. I find that the calcium carbonate works better than calcium citrate (although I have heard the exact opposite, you have to find what works for you). Calcium once digested becomes like a powdery chalk which absorbs the excess bile sitting in your lower intestine. If you do this, you will never go through this again. I take two 600 mg tablets every morning and this works for me. You have to play with the dosage for yourself to see what works. If you take too much calcium you will become constipated, so once you find your dosage stick with it. I was very happy to come upon this question and that I was able to help you. I promise you that this works. Good luck!P.S. They sell a very large bottle of calcium carbonate at Walmart and it lasts me a long time :)

LIke any other surgery cholecystectomy has its risk especially if you've been quite ill because the duct is blocked; so really it all depends. The surgery can also be done with a laparoscope... which is less traumatic to you, requires less down time, and is overall much more affordable than an open-the-gut procedure. However, depending on size of gall stones (if you have them) this may not be an option.
It also helps to reduce the amount of fat in your diet.

Okay... I want to be very careful here.I was diagnosed with gall stones and scheduled for surgery.
While I waited, I read about the gall bladder, it's functions, and gall stones on the Internet.
Gall stones are not stones at all. They are a rubbery and made of bile salts and cholesterol. They can block the flow of bile in the duct. It can be very painful Bile is used to digest fats so eating fatty or oily foods can be a terrible experience. While I read about gall stones, I discovered a natural "Gall Bladder and Liver" flush procedure on the Internet. A regular search will locate it still.
Since I was having surgery anyhow, I decided to try it. My thoughts were that I had nothing to lose but a few dollars.There are several procedures to choose from on the Internet.
I chose the most radical and longest. I fasted for 24 hours and went through the procedure at home alone. It involves olive oil and fresh lemon juice after taking a solution of Epsom salt to dilate the bile duct. There are also certain foods you can eat to help soften the gall stones before the procedure. Natural organic apple juice or cider is one because of the malic acid. I won't explain the procedure here. You'll need to read about it yourself. My procedure lasted several hours followed by a night of sleep. You'll need to stay home the next day.In the end, the results were as promised. I was a little soar for a few days but a week later, all the symptoms I experienced disappeared completely. I felt great, had more energy than I had for many years and even lost weight quickly. I never had the surgery so I still have my gall bladder. About every 2 years I repeat the procedure when I begin to experience symptoms. It continues to work. You can do a search for "gall bladder liver flush" to find it..

It's become a more simple procedure than ever to perform these days. I had my gallbladder removed three years ago and have only four small scars on my abdomen and left the hospital the next day. There are two test they perform, possibly three. First they may try ultra-sound to look for gallstones in the area. The next test will be to light up the area with a radioactive isotope they put in your bloodstream. This takes a while but what happens is that they try to see a complete image from your liver, to your gallbladder, to your small intestines. If everything doesn't light up you then you have blockage and they address the surgery from that perspective.In my case I was ok until the final hormone test. This is a test where there force the gallbladder to contract with a hormone and get the output of of your response in terms of pain level and the output production of bile from the organ. The glabladder is used mostly to produce bile to digest meat. It's not a critical organ to have. I even have a normal diet today but I have to remember that digestion of meats takes longer so I need to just pay attention to that aspect of it. In my case my bile output was at 7%. I had never had surgery in my life so while I was nervous but pretty sedated with drugs I really had no choice but to have the organ removed with laproscopic surgery. It's very simple and takes about and hour to perform. You have to be under for the process because they inflate the abdomen with CO2 and there are a couple of instruments they go in with to do the extraction - a camera, a light, a cutting tool, and the extraction tool. The gallbladder is taken out of an incision from inside your belly button. Then they put a titanium clip between your liver and small intestines to connnet them together and the organ is gone.You start to feel gallbladder pain at 35% or lower bile production or from gallstones. My became severe at 7% in the middle of the night so I didn't have many options. I woke up the family and I ended up in the emrgency room. You have to be under for the procedure only because they inflate your abdomen to get the tools in there which is a great deal of discomfort from what I heard. Otherwise it could be a local process if the inflation process wasn't so discomfortable. If for any reason you think you're experiencing the pain in that upper right abdomen area below your ribs go get it checked out. There's no reason to live with it. I was in severe pain and my gallbladder went into failure. If you're getting close organ failure or your have blockage from gallstones just take care of it. It's become a really common surgery these days and you'll be back on your feet the next day. It use to be far more complicated but the wonders on laproscopic surgery have been a tribute to moder medicine. Take it from someone that's honestly been there and done that ;-)Brian'Temet Nosce'

Gall stones (cholelithiasis) are common. Broadly speaking they are split into two broad types: pigment stones or cholesterol stones. Each has subtle differences in their causation but the consequences are generally the same.Your gall bladder is simply a diverticulum, or extra store house if you like, appended to the biliary tree. The biliary tree itself is a duct system which drains bile (a breakdown product of red blood cells and sterol metabolism), produced in the liver, to the duodenum (first part of the small bowel). Bile helps you digest fatty foods and secretion is stimulated by ingestion of fat by several mechanisms, particularly secretion of cholecystokinin (a hormone stimulating gall bladder contraction). The biliary system is fundamental to survival but the gall bladder itself is completely dispensible.Most gall stones form in the gall bladder, where bile is stored and concentrated. Simply being there, there cause no problems per se. The problems occur when the stones either block bile drainage or when the gall bladder contracts against the stones (like holding a fistful of rocks and not being able to relax your grip). Problems which result therefore are: pain (biliary colic), infection (secondary to stagnation of bile drainage, aka cholcystitis; or in severe cases ascending the biliary tree leading to cholangiitis, which can be fatal), jaundice (if a stone block bile drainage, it collects in the blood stream causing yellow discolouration of the skin and biochemical problems which resul from hyperbilirubinaemia), pancreatitis (if a stone blocks drainage of the pancreas, which shares a common duct with the gall bladder) and rarely, gall stone ileus (when recurrent cholecystitis causes erosion of the gall bladder through the wall of the duodenum, allowing large stones into the small bowel where they block the ileocaecal valve and result in small bowel obstruction).Hence, most people with gall stones are advised to have their gall bladder removed since medical treatments have generally failed to cause stones to "dissolve" and lithotripsy (ultrasound shock waves used to shatter renal stones) just fragments stones increasing risks of pancreatitis, infection and jaundice as small stones are more likely to escape from the gall bladder and cause these problems.Most cases are done by key hole surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy), which is largely done these days as a day case procedure, or with simply an overnight stay in hospital. This is not always possible, either for anatomical reasons or depending on the exact nature of the gall stones complications as described above. In these cases, conversion to the open operation is necessary (making a large cut about 3 to 4 inches long beneath the right lower ribs on the front of the belly).The procedure is generally safe with no long term consequences but, as with all surgery, there are some risks involved. There is always a risk of wound infections and bleeding with any intra-abdominal surgery. Chest infections also can occur, as a result of anaesthesia or as a consequence of pain post-operatively (which can occur if any air remains in the abdomen after the key hole procedure is completed). There is a risk, again inherent with all abdominal surgery, of vein clots (DVTs) causing leg pain and swelling, and of pulmonary emboli (clots in the lung, which although rare, can occassionally prove fatal). Most surgeons will thus give you a blood thinning injection until you are mobile after the operation (a heparin) plus some surgical stockings to wear.Other risks:
Injury of the biliary tree. Much more serious, necessitating some much more major surgery to repair and often causing long term problems but fortunately exceedingly rare when compared with the risks gall stones present if left untreated.
Failure to improve your pain (IF the pain you have has a cause other than gall stones).
Recurrence of gall stones (again rare, but microlithiasis has been occassional reported despite cholecystectomy).
Post-operative collections from bile leaks which may or may not become infected and require surgical drainage (if a clip on the ligated blood duct comes off).
As mentioned already, there is a risk of needing conversion to the open procedure intraoperatively, which may keep you in hospital longer (5 or more days longer than key hole techniques).
Finally, scars can hypertrophy (looking raised and red or unsightly) although thankfully this cosmetic complication is not common and not much of a problem.I hope this is helpful, it is of course only an overview and the details need much discussion with your surgeon. Don't forget, all these risks are rare and must be balanced with the risk of complications from possibly NOT treating the gall stones.

Goodness, I had my cholecystectomy back in 1991, so I'm sure they've made marvelous advances in the way they do this procedure. Probably by some kind of laser. I have a foot long diagonal scar across my belly as a remembrance. Lots of Luck to you!

Gall Bladder? mystery?

2009-11-07T06:35:00.003-08:00

Hey guys, my mom had gall stones back in June, and shortly had her gall bladder removed. Recently, she's been experiencing some of the same symptoms as her Gall bladder attack. Is it possible for it to be gall bladder related? Could they not have removed all of it, or left stones behind?
Answer:
I experienced the same thing after having my gallbladder removed, and realized that I could not digest greens at all.Lettuce, green beans spinach etc.Like the other person said I couldn't digest fats either, so you real have to watch your diet.I also became lactose intolerant after my gallbladder was removed.I hope she gets to feeling better soon.

Is she dieting fat free again? Yes, stones can form in the bile duct and it is very dangerous. She should bring it to her doctor's attention.

I had the same problem about 2 -3 years after I had my gall bladder removed.
For me it ended being exercise related ( lots of ab work and Pilates) I went to the doctor and they re-ultra-sounded my bile duct. She (your mom) should go in and they will hopefully do the same thing. If they measured the duct after surgery ( and they should have) they can re-measure the remnant duct now. If the duct has increased in size then it means she is still passing some (leftover/new? ) stones.
If the duct is unchanged it may be an abdominal issue like mine.
The other alternative they had for me was to go back in and cut a muscle that was getting cramped up on the scar tissue. I opted NOT, and I just deal with it from time to time.
Bottom line she should go back in and get it checked out.

Shadowatdustcatcher's got a good answer, and I might add, from personal experience, that surgeons can and do fail to remove it all, as they did in me. I knew the surgeon personally, and he knew what a chicken I was, so he promised he would only go after the "sludge" as he called it, that was clearly there and would not do any "exploratory" surgery looking for more stones / sludge further around. Well, as a result, he didn't get it all since he was acting on my nervousness and "chicken-ness", and so I had to go in a second time to get the rest out, and that was much easier and quicker than the first time, but a definite must if you want to get rid of the pain, etc.. Just tell your mom to go talk to her doctor about it, and they'll do the rest with ease. And don't forget what shadowatdustcatcher said. She needs to stay on a fat free diet, at least for a while. It's been 11 or 12 years since I had mine out and now I'm eating as freely as always, but at least for a while at first, you need to stick as fat free as possible. God Bless you and your mother.

mastermind i didnt call you an idiot, i meant it to the guy who was asking the question. sorry for that misunderstanding.

these symtoms are called dyspepsia. these are not related to gall bladder.in some patient these symptom persist after gall bladder removal.don't worry it will improve with medicine

Fungi in the intestine: is a normal flora or pathogens?

2009-11-07T06:35:00.002-08:00

Answer:
Fungi are not "normal flora" in the intestine, as many bacteria are. But fungi "passing through" are not uncommon either. We consume many fungal spores every day. They are everywhere. Some of these spores may germinate and begin to grow as they pass through the intestine, which offers ideal conditions for fungal growth, providing warmth, moisture, darkness and nutrients. However, these fungi just pass on through with the rest of the material, and cause no harm. Such fungi can cause infections only in people whose immune systems are suppressed, like AIDS patients and patients undergoing chemotherapy.

fungi is a pathogens which causes microbiol infection

functions of spinal cord?

2009-11-07T06:35:00.001-08:00

atleast 3 functions of spinal cord
Answer:
Spinal cord is cylindrical mass of nervous tissue about the thickness of Little finger. It extends from 1st Cervical vertebra i.e., atlas to the lower level of lumbar vertebra. It performs three main functions.
1. It acts as a link between brain and spinal nerves.
2. It conducts sensory and motor impulses to and from the brain.
3. It acts as a centre for the spinal reflexes i.e., an immediate involuntary stereotyped response to a stimulus. Thus reduces the brain's work.

The spinal cord not only mediates simple reflexes such as the tendon jerk but also generates coordinated sequences of movements. A recurring theme of the first session was the great versatility of interneurons. Jankowska reviewed the criteria for classifying interneurons and listed the well-recognised types such as Renshaw cells, as well as interneurons with a more tentative status. She summarised the ways interneurons can operate: combining into networks, shifting the balance of neuronal activity and selecting between pathways. She also reviewed the actions of neuromodulators, showing how they could differentially affect segmental and ascending pathways and influence interneurons by activating plateau potentials.

The main function of the spinal cord is transmission of neural inputs from the periphery to the brain and vice versa and is a vital structure in our survival and functional capacity.

Basically if you damage your spinal cord the consequences can be major. If you damage the area closest to the beginning of the spinal cord...you die, because it controls your breathing, anything below in can cause paralysis. Mostly just quad, and para. However, sometimes it is just minor and can be fixed with simple surgery.

functions of different parts of the nose?

2009-11-07T06:35:00.000-08:00

Answer:
be more specific

I wonder if this link will help you :-
http://www.revisionrhinoplasty.com/anato...

From where kinetic energy comes for human body motion?

2009-11-07T06:34:00.003-08:00

I know that brain is the trigger for muscles to move but where movement energy comes from?
It's like a car. Start key is the trigger but energy comes from battery. Where is the battery in human body?
Answer:
The sourcce of energy for anybody to move, think, or perform any kind of action- whether it is physical or even thinking is the wonderful molecule called ATP- or , Adenosine TriPhosphate. This molecule consists of a base (adenosine) that is attached to a ribose sugar, and three other phosphate groups, hence the name tri-phosphate. Now, when ever the brain detects the intention of motion, or the human preceives that he/she must start moving, as happens in contents or in danger, the brain instructs the body to start breaking down this molecule, ATP, but not completely, only cleaving one phosphate group, so the adenosine triphosphate, is now called adenosine di-phosphate, and a dettached group of phosphate. This cleaving is eesential for body in motion, or brain in thinking since in that link, between the one phosphate group and the rest of the ATP molecule there is a huge energy storage, that can only be "unleashed" if you break that bond. Now, how can you get ATP? this ATP is like your available currency that you use at the grocery store to buy food; but first you must go to the bank and pull out some money. The body does the same thing, only with glucose, starch and fat storage that is dispersed across your body. These storages (bank accounts) start to break down when you start exercising or moving for a long time period thereby producing even more ATP molecules ready to be used by the body. This is the reason why runners tend to drink or ingest really sweet substances since they have a lot of glucose, hence a lot of ATP available. Another reason is, as you exercise more the body starts breaking down the fat storages in the body in order to obtain the necessary amount of ATP to sustain your physical activity, that is why you lose weight when you exercise. I hope it helped. Good Luck.

Chemical reactions that happen in cells with food as a fuel source--%26gt;

Electrical energy from the brain to the muscles. The brain has chemicals that create the electricity.

Muscle cells make ATP from energy released from the foods we eat. The structure of the molecule of ATP has potential energy in it, mainly in its phosphate bond. This molecule interacts with protein molecules in the muscle tissues. (Not sure, but I think the names of the two main proteins are actin and myosin). As the ATP breaks down, the energy of the bond causes movement of these proteins in a way that makes one protein pull on the other in an oar-like fashion. With the collaboration of a multitude of these proteins, it causes the entire muscle tissue to contract or shorten. As the opposite ends of the muscle are connected to different bones, the contraction of the muscle pulls these bones closer together to cause movement, and hence kinetic energy.

from where do thyroid arises?

2009-11-07T06:34:00.002-08:00

Answer:
We all know what the tyroid is it for, where it is, how big it is and bladibladibal, right?I might be wrong, but I think the question referres to the "embryonic" origin of the gland thyroid
The thyroid is formed by the fusion of two structures of separate embryonic origin: the thyroid diverticulum, derived from the endoepithelium in the floor of the pharynx; and the ultimobranchial bodies, formed as evaginations of the 4th pouches. For each of these endodermal evaginations, there is a corresponding ectodermal invagination or pharyngeal cleft. The ectodermal and endodermal epithelia, placed back to back, form the pharyngeal membrane. During their descent in the neck, these pharyngeal organs are surrounded by mesenchyme derived from the cranial neural crest.Hope this was the correct interpretation of your question.
Have alook at this website for more details
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcg...

The thyroid (from the Greek word for "shield", after its shape) is one of the larger endocrine glands in the body. It is a double-lobed structure located in the neck and produces hormones, principally thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. The hormone calcitonin is also produced and controls calcium blood levels. Iodine is necessary for the production of both hormones. Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) are the most common problems of the thyroid gland. Specialists are called Thyroidologists.
1) Hormone Production. To produce thyroxine (T4) requires manganese, iodine, tyrosine, cyclic AMP, vitamin C and B-complex, and other micronutrients. Radiation toxicity, excessive oxidant stress or toxic chemicals can block hormone synthesis. Mercury and copper toxicity stimulate hormone synthesis.2) Hormone Release. Secretion of thyroid hormones requires sympathetic nervous stimulation. Many people have exhausted adrenals or other autonomic imbalances that may affect the sympathetic nervous system.3) Absorption into the Cells. Once released into the blood, T4 must be absorbed into the body cells. For this to occur, the cell membranes must function properly. Accumulation of biounavailable calcium and magnesium excessively stabilize cell membranes and reduce cell permeability. Deficient calcium and magnesium cause excessive cell permeability. Oxidant stress or impaired fatty acid metabolism or other damage to cell membranes can also block absorption of thyroxine.
Copper affects absorption by altering calcium and potassium levels. Cadmium or nickel toxicity affect hormone absorption by affecting the levels of calcium, sodium and other critical minerals.4) Utilization in the Mitochondria. Once inside the cells, thyroxine must be converted to to T3 and utilized in the mitochondria. Potassium plays a role in sensitizing the mitochondria to thyroid hormone. Fluorides in drinking water and chlorides found in bleaches used to make white flour are powerful inhibitors of thyroid hormone utilization. They interfere with iodine metabolism. Substances in soy and in raw cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli also inhibit thyroid hormone utilization. The worst foods for one's thyroid are soy products and foods made with white flour. Many packaged foods processed with water contain high levels of fluorides that have found their way into water supplies.
Cells must also be able to respond to thyroid hormone stimulation. A range of vitamins and minerals are required for energy production in the glycolysis and carboxylic acid cycles in the mitochondria. If these co-factors are missing or toxins block steps in the pathway, thyroid hormone will be ineffective in increasing energy production
:P

The thyroid is situated on the front side of the neck, starting at the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage (just below the laryngeal prominence or Adam's apple), and extending to the 6th Tracheal ring (C-shaped cartilagenous ring of the trachea). Vertebral levels are inappropriate to demarcate the gland's upper and lower border with vertebral levels as it moves position in relation to these during swallowing. It lies over the trachea and is covered by layers of pretracheal fascia (allowing it to move), muscle and skin.The thyroid is one of the larger endocrine glands - 10-20 grams in adults and butterfly-shaped. The wings correspond to the lobes and the body to the isthmus of the thyroid. It may enlarge substantially during pregnancy and when affected by a variety of diseases.

From where can I get the Drug "MINOXIDIL" in India.Which company manufactures this drug in India?

2009-11-07T06:34:00.001-08:00

UpJohn Corporation came out with a topical solution of 2% minoxidil, called Rogaine, for the specific treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Minoxidil is available as a topical solution that is generally either 2% or 5% minoxidil in propylene glycol. The propylene glycol ensures that the applied minoxidil is evenly spread across the affected area and easily absorbed through the skin
Answer:
IDK but if u find out email me!

From the time an opiate enters your body how long before you can pass a urine test?Min & Max please.?

2009-11-07T06:34:00.000-08:00

Answer:
Opiates (i.e., Opium: China, Dreams, Laudanum, Paregoric; Dover's Powder), stay in your body for 1-2 days.

just get off the drugs man, SHEESH!

it all depends on things like your weight, metabolism, frequency, etc. If your a bigger person, the drug will get stored in your fat cells and if your a frequent user. it may take upwards of a couple of months only if you totally detoxed (water, excersize, stop using) .but if your tiny and you took a blunt at a party a couple of weekends ago. then you should be good. this is all experience.. everyone is different..

First off, listen to yoppo and rxsuperhero on this matter. As for my actual stab at answering your question...The min. time would be the same time as when you put it in your mouth. If you wait, say an hour or so, then you are going to have to wait for 3-5 days based on all the stuff my other two "colleagues" have mentioned. This is a longer estimate than mentioned, because it is always better to be safe than sorry.

From a neurological viewpoint ...?

2009-11-07T06:33:00.003-08:00

"... that sound, properly understood, especially percussive sound, can actually change neurological states, ..."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faqvkei2v...
(it's the video link to the song it comes from)No need to slag the statement off in detail should you feel the need. I know there's a few open minded neurologistsy types of people on Answers!. Hope you catch this question. :-)
Answer:
Well, of course, the sound will trigger alterations in the auditory cortex--one quite hopes that's not at all what you mean here!Sonic energy can, it has been observed, modify the levels of any one of a number of endocrine compounds; it is not irrational to suspect that it could equally increase the liklihood of the presynaptic vesicles unloading into a synapse--perhaps allow them to be more easily emptied--if the frequencies were right.One suspects, however, that it would be more likely to be harmonics of the audible frequencies.High enough energy sound at high enough frequencies can disrupt cellular integrity; I suspect taht could easily change the state of the disrupted neuron...

Sound is well known to change neurological statesTake for instance the many and varied neurological states experienced by humans exposed to the sound of "The Macarena"

From a 5cc vial labeled 100mg per cc, a patient is given a dose?

2009-11-07T06:33:00.002-08:00

of 0.025 grams. How many cc should be withdrawn to contain this dosage.
Answer:
If you plan to be a pharmacist/doctor/nurse...why are you not studying and asking others to answer your test questions for you?
It is
A) Cheating and
B) Unethical to plan to treat people when you don't know what you are doing.

100mg --- 1 cc , .025 gram = 25 mg.
25mg ---- ??(z)25 * 1cc = 100 * z
z= .25 cc , z = 1/4 cc.

To give 25 mg you'd need to give 1/4 ml and:
1: tell your teacher you aren't doing your own homework
2: also tell her to update the questions, as JCAHO recommends ml be used and cc deleted from all orders, etc. as an error-reduction method, and your vial will be 5 ml with a label of 100mg/ml.

Once again, I agree with WWD.

free unknown pill identification?

2009-11-07T06:33:00.001-08:00

Answer:
see below website and enter in your criteria..

http://www.drugs.com/xq/cfm/pageid_0/adv...

call poison control, say ur cat may have ate one. i did it a billion times in the past.

found small white round pill?

2009-11-07T06:33:00.000-08:00

I have found a small white pill with a/5 on one side and nothing on the other side. was told it was oxycontin
Answer:
oxycodone 5 mg, at least according to this guy: http://www.drugs.com/forum/topic.asp?top...

Its Tizanidine which is a muscle relaxant. It works by blocking nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent to your brain.

you are correct. oxycontin and oxycodone are the same thing.

Foul gas after only after workouts/exercises?

2009-10-24T18:37:00.003-07:00

For the past couple of months, on and off, I have been doing weight lifting exercises and I discover that after my workout, as well as the next day, i will release lots of foul gas, say once every 15-20 minutes and the smell is worse than normal.When I stop exercising, the gas disappears. I'm a pretty healthy dude. I eat properly before and after my workouts. The foods I eat before or after I workout, aren't ridiulcously high in fiber or glucose, so I don't think it's from the food? Is it too much stress that I'm putting on my body? I dunno. I see much more stressful workouts from others at the gym. Anybody experience this?
Answer:
an alternative could be that during your workouts you are swallowing air. chewing gum and drinking from straws causes swallowing of air, as well as possibly your workout routine. pay attention and see if you can pinpoint it.

The only way for gas to come out is for something to go in. That means that yes it is the food you are eating that is causing it. Many, many foods cause gas, not just the ones you might think.

formula pls?

2009-10-24T18:37:00.002-07:00

if a physician prescribed 4gm of aspirin to be taken daily, how many 5 grain tab. should the patient take each day?
Answer:
1 gram = 15.4323584 grains.4 gm = 4 (15.4323584) grains.
Divide the results by 5.

wtf is a gm?.gram? no way a doctor says to take 4000mg of aspirin, niether would they say to take 4 mg

The (regular) 5 grain aspirin tablet is 325 milligrams.
This would represent 12 tablets per day.
This dose would normally be given as two tablets every four hours.
Or as on a prescription ASA gr. X Q4H.

Forign Languages?

2009-10-24T18:37:00.001-07:00

Ok so basically, i want to be a doctor when i grow up. But i also want to learn languages. Like right now im 16 and im going to costa rica this summer for a month to help learn spanish. But once i begin college how would i be able to learn a new language just living in america?
Is there anyway i could do both, without taking away from my schooling once i go to college. I mean like, the only way to actually learn a language is to live in the country... How can i make this work?
Answer:
What about taking language classes in college? Or you can study abroad (I spent a semester in Costa Rica). Good luck and have fun in CR!

In order to become fluent, pick up slang and sound like a native speaker you will need to be in a native speaking community or country, however you can learn a language anywhere. You do need to occasionally use the knowledge in order to retain it. Most medium or large cities will have some type of community set up around whatever language you are trying to learn. Search the net, you'd be surprised what type of activities there are - french language dinner parties intended to help people who are trying to lean the language, for example.Additionally most universities will have activities, clubs or other resources for temporary immersion environments, at least for the more popular foreign languages. I have also seen some residence programs at schools where the residents of a particular rooming house all sign an agreement to only use a specific foreign language within the house.Just a few examples. Really the best thing to do would be to ask the department head for the language you want to learn at whichever university you decide to go to. They should be able to let you know what's available at that school.

Either take a spanish class in college... or use Rosetta Stone if you can afford it. However, make friends with fluent spanish speakers in order to learn the slang. Personally I would learn by just making friends who are fluent in spanish, and learn from them while they are speaking.

Both are possible. I am a neurosurgeon, and as you are probably aware, neurosurgery is one of the most hectic superspecialities of medical sciences. However, I am fluent with four languages in addition to English and am busy with the fifth one now. I have found that the best way to go about it is to buy a language-learning kit (these are available as CDs plus books) and start learning from it. You can get one or more of your friends motivated into doing the same. As you all progress, you can all start conversing in that new language in bits and pieces and increase the amount. I have found that you can do wonders with this. The CD will give you the correct way to pronounce the words and the book will show you how it is written. The conversations will make you fluent and confident. For me, it takes about a year to become fluent in a new language. Suppose it takes a year for you and your friends to acquire fluency, you can all then plan a 2-week trip to the place where that language is spoken. It gives a real high.All the best.

forensics of skeleton?

2009-10-24T18:37:00.000-07:00

a skeleton was found in a wooded are. it was brought to a forensic medicine laboratory for identification. the first thing the coroner did was determine the age, sex, and possible the size of the person. what was examined in order to get this information?
Answer:
Age, Stature, and Sex:
Usually, examination of the pubic bone, sacroiliac joint, amount of dental wear, cranium, arthritic changes in the spine, and microscopic studies of bones and teeth narrows the age estimate.
Estimation of stature can be narrowed by measuring one or more complete long bones, preferably a femur or tibia. If stature estimates are based on incomplete long bones, less confidence can be placed in them. This measurement of the maximum length of the bone can then be plugged into a formula based on race and sex to produce an estimate.
The sex can be determined by x-rays and comparative measurements of various bones of the body. These bones could be that of the cranium, radius, ulna, scapula, clavicle, humerus, etc. and the more bones that are available, the better for more accuracy. Bu the pubic bone is the most reliable sex indicator in the human skeleton. Female sciatic notches are wider than those of males, and there are also shape differences between the sexes. In males, the greater sciatic notch tends to be narrow and U-shaped. In females, it is comparitively open, with a lower width-to-depth ratio.

Someone checked the skeleton's driver's license :)

A medical examiner can be able to determine the gender of the skeleton by the dilation of the pelvic bones. The age and size can be determined by the growth of certain bones such as the radius or tibia. Additionally the race can often be determined by facial features.

When bones or skeletons are found, they are taken to a forensic laboratory for examination. The job of an anthropologist, a forensic scientist specializing in the area of bones, is to examine the bones, to possibly deduce the gender, age, height, race, as well as medical history and manner of death.
Select one of the following topics to read more:--%26gt; The basic task--%26gt; Growth rate--%26gt; Gender--%26gt; Height--%26gt; Bone defects

The Basic Task Top^
The first step an anthropologist takes during the examination of bones, is to find out whether the bones are human or animal, as sometimes certain animal bones will resemble that of human bones. Once this has been determined, the next step is finding the age of the bones by noting the growth and decay that has occurred in the bones.

Growth Rate Top^
Teeth that have or have not grown can also reveal the age of the skeleton, as young children will have not lost their milk teeth and at the age of 18, wisdom teeth first appear. During the teenage years, bones become thicker and larger and fuse together in a process known as 'ossification'. Ossification occurs in 800 points of the body and is the best guide to revealing the age of a child's skeleton. An example of ossification occurs in the arms, where at the age of six, the two bone plates form at either end of the outer forearm (radius).
* Comparison of a 5 yr to a 60 yr old skull. Photo courtesy of Valeri Craigle and the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library
At the 17 in males and 20 in females, the lower bone plate and the radius fuse together and soon after, the upper bone plate and radius fuse together. The bone in the body that finishes growing last is the collarbone, which ceases growth at 28 years. In the bones of the elderly, degeneration begins to occur. Anthropologists will look for tiny spikes that start to appear on the edges of the vertebrae, the wearing of teeth due to age and joints that show signs of arthritis. All of the bones in the body will deteriorate with age.

Gender Top^
When determining male and female in a skeleton, anthropologists look at the skull and hip bones, as there lie clues to the sex of the skeleton. The skull has three points in determining gender. These are the ridges located above the eyes, the bone situated just below the ear and the occiput, the bone located at the lower back of the skull. The latter two bones are muscle attachment sites, all of which are more prominent in men, indicating greater strength. The difference in hips is very obvious, as a man's hip are narrower and a women's hips are wider, being built for child bearing. However there are smaller differences in other bones, which anthropologists rely on when there is no hip or skull bone.
*The space between the hips of a woman are much larger than that of a man. Photo courtesy of Valeri Craigle and the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library

Height Top^
Determining the height of a skeleton involves reassembling the skeleton and measuring the length of significant bones. By adding 10-11cm or four inches onto the bone length, it accounts for the missing tissue and muscle. If parts of the skeleton are missing, certain individual bones are used as a height guide. The longer the bone is, the better and more accurate the estimate will be, so the femur is measured first. The human height measures roughly two and two thirds the length of the femur, though it also depends on the race and sex of the skeleton.

Bone Defects Top^
Disease, injury and birth defects are also revealed in the bones. Birth defects such as spina bifida, some infectious diseases, poor diet and cancer can all be damaging to the bones. In the case of injuries, broken bones and mended bones are easily visible and because they are so easily visible, mended bones can reveal identity. Work and hard labour leave damage such as occupational arthritis, which visibly changes the appearance of affected joints. The skeletal remains of someone who has died a particularly violent death are evident in the bones. Bullet wounds leave round holes, sharp weapons cause chips to be taken out of the bone and fractures in the bones also suggest forms of violence. Distinguishing between fractures that occurred before and after death is difficult, but there are some clues that are helpful. For example, the bones of a deceased person break differently compared to the bones of a live person and healing at the edge of a fracture indicates injuries during life.
* The wire left in bone to repair a fracture may give away the unknown identity. Photo courtesy of Valeri Craigle and the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library

for what indication would a patient be on both?

2009-10-24T18:36:00.003-07:00

liothyronine and levothyroxine?
Answer:
Both are thyroid hormones: T3 and T4 respectively. The approved indications are the same for both drugs: thyroid replacement/supplement in low-thyroid states (hypothyroidism), for pituatary TSH suppression, and as diagnostic agents. If you are on both, ask your endocrinologist why not one or the other.

Doctors tell me I'm both sexy and the cute girl next door type. So my answer is yes, you can be both!